Mobile apps are an integral part of our daily lives. From ordering food to managing finances, there’s an app for almost everything. However, with the growing number of mobile apps, ensuring their function without hiccups across various devices, operating systems, and network conditions has become a challenge for developers. This is where mobile app testing comes into play. We will discuss how you can test them with legacy mobile device labs or modern cloud device labs.

Before getting into the nitty gritty of mobile testing, let us start with the basics of what it is.

What is Mobile App Testing?

Mobile app testing is a crucial process that ensures the functionality, usability, performance, and security of a mobile application across different devices and environments. It involves a series of systematic tests and evaluations to identify and fix issues before the app reaches the end-users.

Key Objectives of Mobile App Testing

The primary objectives of mobile app testing are to:

• Ensure the app works correctly on various devices and screen sizes.
• Confirm that the app functions seamlessly on different operating systems (iOS, Android).
• Verify that the app performs well under various network conditions.
• Identify and address security vulnerabilities.
• Assess the app’s accessibility and usability.
• Evaluate the app’s overall performance.

Types of Mobile Apps

There are three main types of mobile apps:

• Native Apps: Developed for a specific platform (e.g., iOS or Android) using platform-specific programming languages and tools.
• Web Apps: Accessed through a web browser and do not need to be installed on a device.
• Hybrid Apps: Combine elements of both native and web apps and can run on multiple platforms.

Mobile app testing at the primitive level is straightforward but going to the advanced level requires quite a bit of preparation to start with so that there are minimal hiccups during and at the time of delivery.

Establishing Clear Testing Goals and Requirements

Before starting mobile app testing, it’s essential to define clear testing goals and requirements. This includes understanding the app’s target audience, functionality, and expected user experience.

Selecting Target Devices and Platforms

To ensure comprehensive testing, you need to determine the specific devices, operating systems, and screen resolutions you’ll test your app on. This decision should align with your target audience.

Creating Test Plans and Strategies

Developing comprehensive test plans and strategies is crucial. These plans should outline test cases, objectives, schedules, and resources required for testing.

Broadly there are only two testing techniques Manual and Automated

Manual Testing

Manual testing involves human testers interacting with the app to identify issues. Two common manual testing techniques are:

1. Exploratory Testing: Testers explore the app without predefined test cases to uncover hidden defects.
2. Usability Testing: Focuses on evaluating the app’s user-friendliness and user interface.

Automated Testing

Automated testing uses software tools to execute pre-defined test cases and compare actual outcomes with expected results. This approach offers several benefits, including efficiency and repeatability. Popular automated testing tools include Appium, Espresso, and XCUITest.

Mobile app testing is not a one-size-fits-all process. To ensure the highest quality, consider these best practices:

Testing Across Various Screen Sizes and Resolutions

Test your app on different screen sizes and resolutions to ensure it looks and functions well on various devices.

Testing on Different Operating Systems (iOS, Android)

As iOS and Android have different design guidelines and behaviors, test your app thoroughly on both platforms.

Testing Across Different Network Conditions

Test your app’s performance under various network conditions, including 3G, 4G, and Wi-Fi, to ensure it works seamlessly in all situations.

Security and Data Privacy Testing

Security is paramount. Regularly assess your app for vulnerabilities and potential data privacy issues. Thus keeping the security and test privacy can be difference bewteen the success or the lawsuits coming your way.

Accessibility Testing

Ensure your app is accessible to users with disabilities by testing for compatibility with assistive technologies. In 2023 accessibility is mandated and there are many standards like W3. Tools like NVDA can help with this.

Usability and User Experience Testing

Conduct usability testing to gather feedback from real users and enhance the overall user experience. Otherwise, users will simply click away from the best of the best tools and platforms.

Performance Testing

Evaluate your app’s performance under different loads and conditions to ensure it’s responsive and stable. Let’s be hopeful that we will cross the boundaries of performances and performance testing is the best way to be insured about pitfalls of success.

Native App Testing

Native app testing focuses on platform-specific features and behaviors. Testers should be familiar with the unique aspects of iOS and Android. Also the unique testing details and frameworks associated with these OS.

Web App Testing

Web app testing emphasizes cross-browser compatibility, ensuring that the app functions consistently on different browsers and devices. With advent of web 3 it is vital now.

Hybrid App Testing

Hybrid app testing combines aspects of both native and web app testing, making it essential to cover both areas adequately. A must adds to be 100 % sure in the testing endeavors.

Both are important but we have to learn when and where. For a rule of thumb if you can afford it get the real devices.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Real Devices

Testing on real devices provides a realistic environment but can be costly and time-consuming.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Emulators/Simulators

Emulators and simulators offer cost-effective testing but may not fully replicate real-world conditions.

Several tools and frameworks can aid in mobile app testing, each with its strengths and weaknesses.

How to Choose the Right Tool for Your Project

Consider factors such as your app’s complexity, budget, and team expertise when selecting a testing tool or framework.

Mobile App Testing Challenges

Mobile app testing is no way away from its challenges and hiccups. Better to be prepared about it and have a mitigation plan in advance.

Device Fragmentation

The diversity of devices and operating systems can pose challenges in ensuring consistent app performance. Inconsistent apps are the eye-sore for users.

Continuous Integration and Continuous Testing (CI/CT)

Integrating testing into the development process can be complex but is crucial for efficient app delivery. But once set up properly, it will give multifold benefits in terms of smoothness and speed of testing.

Keeping up with OS and Device Updates

Regular updates to mobile operating systems and devices require continuous testing and maintenance. It is a double-edged sword; if you can be on top of the game, you will have the best in-class app experience in the market.

User-Generated Content and Real-World Scenarios

Testing for real-world scenarios, including user-generated content, can be challenging. Users will always have novel ways of finding the use cases, and real world usages can vary a lot from the simulated environments.

Automation Challenges

Automation testing can be complex, and maintaining test scripts as the app evolves is essential. Never try to automate too much. But it must offload you from the major chunk of testing. Otherwise, speed will be the issue.

Mobile App Testing Process

These four key practices play a pivotal role in ensuring the success and quality of your app:

Test Case Design and Execution:

Effective test case design involves meticulously planning and documenting the tests that will validate your app’s functionality. Each test case should cover a specific aspect of your app, including its features, interactions, and potential use cases. When executing these test cases, systematically follow the defined steps, recording the actual outcomes. This process is essential for identifying issues and ensuring that your app behaves as expected across various scenarios.

Bug Reporting and Tracking:

Establishing a clear and efficient bug reporting and tracking process is crucial for streamlined communication between testers, developers, and stakeholders. A well-organized bug-tracking system helps in recording and managing issues effectively. When reporting a bug, provide detailed information, including steps to reproduce, expected behavior, and device details. Prioritize bugs based on their severity to address critical issues promptly.

Regression Testing:

Regression testing is an ongoing process that verifies that new updates or code changes do not inadvertently introduce new issues or disrupt existing functionality. A well-maintained regression test suite, consisting of critical test cases, should be executed after each update. Automation can help streamline this process, ensuring that previously validated features continue to work correctly.

User Acceptance Testing (UAT):

UAT involves engaging real users to evaluate your app’s usability, functionality, and overall user experience. Recruit a diverse group of testers who represent your target audience and provide them with a controlled testing environment. Collect their feedback, paying close attention to usability issues and user suggestions. UAT insights are invaluable for refining your app and aligning it with user expectations.

Monitoring and Analytics

Monitoring is crucial as this is the only way we’ll be able to improve.

Implementing App Monitoring Tools

App monitoring tools are essential for gaining real-time insights into your mobile app’s performance and user behavior. These tools provide valuable data on app crashes, load times, user interactions, and more. By continuously monitoring your app, you can proactively identify and address issues, ensuring a seamless user experience. Monitoring tools also allow you to track the app’s availability and responsiveness across different devices and network conditions, helping you maintain high levels of reliability.

Analyzing User Data for Quality Improvement

User data is a goldmine of information that can drive quality improvements and feature enhancements. You can pinpoint areas where your app can be refined by analyzing user behavior, preferences, and feedback. User data can reveal pain points, feature usage patterns, and opportunities for optimization. It empowers you to make data-driven decisions, prioritize development efforts, and tailor your app to meet user expectations better, ultimately leading to higher user satisfaction and retention.

Performance Monitoring

Regular performance monitoring is vital for identifying and addressing performance bottlenecks in your app. It allows you to track key metrics such as app load times, response times, and resource utilization. By proactively monitoring and analyzing performance data, you can optimize your app’s speed and efficiency, ensuring that it runs smoothly even as usage scales. Performance monitoring is an ongoing process that helps maintain a high-quality user experience and prevents performance-related issues from impacting user satisfaction.

Continuous Improvement

Gathering Feedback

Continuously seek input from users and stakeholders to refine your app. User feedback helps identify issues and user preferences, while stakeholder insights align development with business goals.

Iterative Testing and Development

Embrace an iterative approach to adapt your app based on feedback and testing results. Regularly refine features, address issues, and meet evolving user needs, ensuring your app evolves over time.

Staying Updated with Industry Trends

Remain current with mobile app testing trends and technologies. Embrace new methodologies and tools to maintain competitiveness and benefit from advancements in mobile app testing, gaining a market edge.

LambdaTest is a versatile AI-powered cloud-based testing platform that offers a range of solutions for mobile app testing. With LambdaTest, you can:

• Cross-browser Testing: Ensure your app functions consistently across various browsers and versions with various real mobile devices.
• App Testing: Test your mobile app on real devices to replicate real-world conditions.
• Parallel Testing: Speed up testing processes by running multiple tests in parallel.
• Automation Testing: Automate your testing workflows for efficiency and repeatability.
• Integrations: Seamlessly integrate LambdaTest with popular testing frameworks and tools. There are 120+ tolls in LambdaTest’s integration kitty.

LambdaTest simplifies the complexities of mobile app testing by providing access to a wide range of real devices and browsers, enabling you to identify and resolve issues quickly.

Remember that while LambdaTest is a valuable tool, it’s essential to choose the right testing solution based on your project’s specific needs and constraints.

In conclusion, mobile app testing is a critical aspect of the app development process. By following best practices and employing effective strategies, developers can ensure their apps meet user expectations and function seamlessly. Embrace a culture of continuous improvement, and your mobile app will thrive in the competitive app marketplace.

Automation testing is essential for many software development teams’ success as it reduces the likelihood of upcoming software problems. One prevalent misperception is that automation may be used to provide instant quality. QA teams begin to expect their automation suites to provide 100% coverage, require no maintenance, and produce work of the highest caliber overnight. There are numerous instances where test automation has been implemented to increase testing efficiency and quality.

Automated testing may not always simplify your testing process; it may make suite maintenance more difficult. Updating a Test Automation suite with unclear goals results in excessive expenses, a lack of flexibility, and an inability to assess the anticipated return on investment.

Teams working on software development and testing depend more on automated checks to ensure their product is up to business and customer standards for quality. For this precise reason, many businesses are implementing automated solutions. The global test automation market is expected to grow at a strong compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 15.4% from 2017 to 2025, reaching $109.69 billion, according to analysis by Transparency Market Research.

Fixing test cases to keep them current with ongoing code changes is known as test maintenance.

Businesses frequently have codes that update themselves in response to new application upgrades. Maintaining your test script through manual or automation testing ensures that it is updated with any changes made to the code. Your company will save money and time with high-quality tests on your side if you conduct routine test maintenance. For instance, to prevent failure, even the test must adapt if the identifying attribute of a UI element (ID, class, or Xpath) changes.

It is important because test maintenance reduces the time and expense of writing tests. Test maintenance allows you to update or remove data from your existing tests without continuously creating new ones. It makes automation testing easier, continuously upholds test quality, and enhances automation testing scripts to execute complex tests.

Types of Maintenance Testing

There are two types of maintenance testing that testers must work on when maintaining tests:

Confirmation Maintenance Test

This type of maintenance test validates updated code. To ensure there are no functional issues or downtime, you must track all changes, large and small, made to your code when performing this type of maintenance testing.

Regression Maintenance Testing

This type follows the confirmatory maintenance testing phase, focusing on testing the current functionality. After changing the code, the entire program is run to ensure the current functionality is correct. We call this entire process regression testing.

The following are some typical difficulties you could run into when performing test maintenance:

• If your team lacks the necessary resources and expertise, they may struggle to control the time and expense of maintaining the tests.
• If you cannot find a test automation tool to evaluate faulty or false positives.
• Maintaining the test maintenance process and keeping the tests up to date with code changes might be challenging when there is poor or delayed communication between the developers and testers.
• Testing tools that cannot identify GUI elements and the following alterations will challenge your team.
• Sometimes, testers and developers need more skills to comprehend requirements and maintain tests, either manually or using tools.

Two basic types of processes are included in test maintenance. Let’s look at each of these situations separately.

• Finding the reason behind test failures should be the first step in solving them. Unanticipated side effects, behavioral changes, or software flaws might bring it on. It can be essential to update the tests, fix the code, or perhaps both.
• Modifications may be required to guarantee smooth integration within the automation in response to changes in the dependencies of automation testing tools, such as reporting tools or APIs. This maintenance category also entails educating developers on updated tool infrastructure if necessary.
• Cloud Testing is the process of verifying the quality of software on a real-device cloud. Cloud testing tools like LambdaTest ensure a better experience in performing different types of automation maintenance.

LambdaTest plays a crucial role in easing the challenges associated with test maintenance through its robust features and capabilities. Test maintenance involves updating and adapting tests to accommodate changes in applications or environments, and LambdaTest offers several functionalities that contribute to this process.

• LambdaTest is an AI-powered test orchestration and execution platform to run manual and automated tests at scale. The platform allows you to perform real-time and automation testing across 3000+ environments and real mobile devices.
• It allows testers to perform cross-browser testing on various browsers and browser versions. This ensures that applications are compatible with various user environments. By identifying issues early on, testers can proactively address them, reducing the need for extensive maintenance later.
• The platform supports parallel testing, enabling simultaneous execution of tests across multiple browsers and environments. This significantly reduces the time required for test runs, allowing teams to iterate quickly. With faster feedback cycles, teams can promptly address issues, minimizing the impact on test maintenance.

You can continuously modify the script to match code changes to maintain a test. Monitor code changes, adjust the data, and test script steps accordingly. But do you believe that maintaining a test in this manner is feasible? What if every test script needed to be manually changed due to a significant update that affected several sections of the application? This looks like a laborious, time-consuming, and even error-prone process.

Furthermore, it is not a long-term solution to manually maintain the scripts. Here are some best practices to adhere to when maintaining a test, which is not a one-person job, regardless of whether it is automated or manual.

Neglecting maintenance might lead to future costs for automated testing tools, which are a vital component. Using best practices can help reduce the maintenance needed for automation testing, which can assist in mitigating this.

Simplify your automation design

To simplify your automation testing maintenance process, it is important to simplify your automation suite. Even though it may seem more difficult, practicing simple Selenium test automation scripts can significantly improve your productivity. You can perform low-level tests quickly by minimizing and focusing your maintenance efforts.

Adding unnecessary complexity to your test suite increases the chance of failure. However, it is best to create reusable tests in situations where complexity is required.

Simplify test maintenance with variables and the page object model

Centralizing locator and method changes and leveraging the page object model are key components of effective test automation maintenance. Tests instantly reflect updates made in one place, saving you time and effort. Additionally, using variables instead of hard-coded values ​​makes tests easier to write and maintain and promotes code reuse.

Improve the user experience with an updated UI

The UI should be updated regularly to maintain a seamless experience. UI/UX developers often forget to consider automated testing when writing code. To solve this problem, you must regularly implement a naming convention for each object and conduct Automation Testing.

Improving Test Execution Plans

Adopting a smart test execution strategy can maximize efficiency when maintaining automated tests. To cover important test cases, automate testing focusing on repetitive maintenance tests. This method ensures comprehensive test coverage and efficient problem detection, saving time and effort. Increase productivity and build software that meets high standards using smarter work instead of unnecessary testing cycles.

Write test code using DRY principles

Reduce duplication of test code bases and simplify maintenance of automated tests. The DRY (Don’t Reply Yourself) principle eliminates duplicate code and ensures a more effective and reliable test suite. Use data factories and paradigms like the page object model to centralize common functionality, simplify updates, and improve test readability.

Maintain the integrity of automated test suites and quickly resolve failed tests

Ignoring failed tests or prioritizing new test cases over problem resolution can hinder automation efforts. Test suite issues must be resolved quickly to maintain efficiency and code quality. By fixing problems as they occur, software developers can take advantage of broken window theory to avoid future degradation. To ensure a stable and reliable test suite. Maintain the overall integrity of the testing process by proactively resolving failed tests and avoiding complacency.

Automated testing prioritizes high-value, unstable features

It is important to consider which test automation features must be automated carefully to reduce maintenance effort. Focusing your automation efforts on valuable and unpredictable aspects will help your tests work as efficiently as possible. Prioritize automated tests that cover important business value cases rather than just focusing on the superficial functionality of your application. This strategic approach ensures effective and reliable testing procedures by minimizing maintenance efforts associated with test automation.

Automate Reports on Tests for Efficient Analysis

Continuous improvement in test automation depends on tracking and evaluating test results. You can expedite the process of pinpointing areas needing enhancement and evaluating the stability of various features by automating test results. Time is saved, and important information from test results is guaranteed to be easily accessible for future use. Combining Selenium with frameworks like pytest can greatly minimize maintenance efforts for test automation while improving the insights obtained from automation testing.

Impact analysis of any new enhancements

Impact analysis is an important part of responsible requirements management. It provides an accurate view of the impact of the proposed change on the application and how it may affect the application. This helps Teams make informed business decisions about acceptable changes. The analysis examines the proposed change to identify the modules to be created, modified, or dropped and to estimate the effort involved in implementing the change. The lack of impact analysis does not change the size of the task, but shockingly, it is recommended to keep the scope the same. Based on the analysis, QA should plan to update the affected automated scripts during the sprints.

Automate at API level/ lesser UI automation

The most popular automation that test engineers continue to execute is user interface tests. Most agile teams prefer UI-level automation. However, after a few months of starting the automation, the teams frequently discover that the expense of maintaining UI-level tests outweighs the advantages of the automation. Therefore, it is recommended that test engineers automate their application at the API level because doing so reduces the total cost of ownership (TCO) and improves script durability.

Regular test maintenance is essential since developers often change the code to support new features, UI adjustments, and user requests. Automation testing can efficiently identify errors in the most recent code by maintaining current test cases. However, if test maintenance is not properly handled, it can become time-consuming. Selecting an automation testing platform that facilitates test automation maintenance is crucial to overcoming this difficulty and allowing for the quick and easy maintenance of automated test cases.

Software application developers put their applications through a series of tests using specialized tools and well-defined scripts to test the various parameters of their products’ efficiency, reliability, and consistency. Automation testing is a process that automates any recursive and time-consuming manual testing task. Cross-browser testing is a process that checks the compatibility, functionality, and appearance of a web application on different browsers.

There are a handful of challenges during cross-browser automation testing, and it is essential to overcome them to make the application adhere to industry standards, maintain the brand’s reputation, and, most importantly, satisfy the user’s needs by providing a great, consistent application.

In this article, you will come to terms with cross-browser automation testing, its importance, and ways to overcome the challenges it throws.

Here are some insights on cross-browser testing, automation testing, and their interplay as cross-browser automation testing.

• Cross-browser testing: As was previously mentioned, cross-browser testing is a kind of software testing that concentrates on characteristics such as an online application’s functionality, consistency, dependability, look, and compatibility across various web browsers. It focuses on resolving the disparities caused by the differences in how browsers implement and interpret a web application due to their varying rendering methods of web standards and front-end codes.
• Automation testing: There are automatic systems everywhere. How about software testing as well? Indeed, automating any manual, repetitive testing process is what is meant by automated testing. Utilizing well-defined automation test scripts enhances the efficacy and scope of the testing procedure in automation testing.

So, it can be said that cross-browser automation testing simply means automating the cross-browser testing process. Let’s now dive into the challenges in this field and the ways to overcome them.

Here is a brief on the challenges the automation testing technique posted and their respective remedies.

Choosing the wrong automation tool

Setting up the wrong automation tool or the tool that doesn’t meet your requirements can be a nightmare. The upfront cost to own the service of any automation tool is considerably substantial, and proper research must be done before purchasing it. The right automation tool could accommodate any updates in any browser version, works well with majorly common browsers like Firefox, Chrome, Edge, and Safari,  can scrape images (screenshots) with video recording, and can create test scripts relevant to the technical changes it encounters.

Highly dynamic content of web applications

Sometimes, some web applications come up with highly dynamic content that restricts the automation tools needed to sync the testing scripts with the current state of the application. This can be handled by setting delay functions, giving the tool sufficient time to recognize the elements and start its job.

Browser extensions and plugins

Any browser extension or plugin can cause asynchronous activity between the application and the script of the tool. To avoid this, disabling extensions or plugins that are not necessary is highly appreciated. If there are any potential plugins, then a script to handle them must be developed to ensure the proper functioning of the automation tool.

Testing on multiple browsers

The major challenge in cross-browser automation testing would be examining the application against multiple browsers and their vast versions. Each browser would possess a different functionality or the same rendering methods. Their approaches to interpreting and implementing front-end and back-end codes, linguistic Unicode, and other concepts will undoubtedly diverge. Automating the testing would be tedious if the testing scripts were not well-defined. To prevent any chaos, first know your users and plan your application testing only for the browsers they prefer or the most common ones, such as Firefox, Chrome, Edge, and Safari. However, the version would change from user to user. So, a tester can go with a testing tool to resolve such compatibility discrepancies.

Differing browser versions

The test scripts used in the automated testing process might be greatly impacted by the regular updates browsers receive. The testers must stay awake to the release schedules and release channels of the major browsers or of the browsers their users mostly prefer. Some browser updates may show up automatically on the user end, and the changes may cause backward compatibility that affects the working of the existing functionality too.

The update also includes changes in the user agent strings that alter the website’s ability to identify and present the content. The automation tool or their testing scripts must be able to encounter these changes as early as possible and work accordingly. Any delay or avoidance related to updates may frustrate the clients and cause their loss.

Exhausting number of resources

Automating cross-browser testing on different combinations of operating systems, devices, and browsers with varying versions may take much work. The business setups may find it too daunting to accomplish such test processes. The best remedy to such a problem is going for cloud-based services that bear the responsibility to test the application against versatile combinations, and cloud-based services are said to be cost-effective.

It is said that such services reduce the burden created if the testing is done in an in-house infrastructure. Cloud-based services are confined and come according to the budget of the businesses as there is no infrastructure set-up or maintenance cost, which makes it a go-to service. One such cloud-based tool to perform cross-browser testing at scale is LambdaTest.

LambdaTest is an AI-powered test orchestration and execution platform to run manual and automated tests at scale. The platform allows you to perform both real-time and automation testing across 3000+ environments and real mobile devices.

LambdaTest is a comprehensive solution for cross-browser testing, addressing the complexities of ensuring seamless performance across diverse web browsers. The platform offers a range of features that facilitate efficient cross-browser testing, contributing to improved web application compatibility and user experience.

It provides access to various browsers, including popular choices like Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Internet Explorer, along with multiple versions. Additionally, users can test on various operating systems, ensuring thorough coverage across different browser-OS combinations. This expansive coverage allows testers to identify and rectify browser-specific issues early in the development lifecycle.

Problems in parallelism

As discussed earlier, cross-browser testing involves testing the web application against many combinations, which is a prolonged, time-consuming, and tedious task. Automating the testing process can be a great relief. However, there are challenges here too. When multiple tests need access to the same data, it causes problems. So, the dependencies between the tests must be nil when they are run in parallel. The infrastructure of the automation tool must be taken into account, and the limits in the parallelization of the test must be defined according to it. If not, it may lead to test failures and ineffective results.

Sometimes, the output of one test is the input of the other. If the former tests fail or give out any error, that bug must be eradicated, and the latter must be started. The test scripts must be defined to adjust to such situations and environments.

Ignorance of real-time conditions

For effective testing, considering real-time scenarios is highly necessary.  Using real devices against emulators is still a topic that has been discussed. However, businesses have started preferring real device clouds for testing their application that offers real-time scenarios and reliable testing results. The emulators mimic the real devices, and sometimes, when their parameters are wrongly set, it may lead to an inaccurate test result.

Budgetary issue

As mentioned earlier, the upfront costs of buying an automation tool are considerably substantial. It involves configuration management costs, license costs, installation costs, operational costs, and so on. Implementing this testing tool usually costs a lot and may cause budgetary issues in-house.

Browsers develop strict legal policies, like same-origin policies, that do not apply to the elements in the different domains. This is one of the major challenges in automation testing. The test script developers must remember the different legal policies of cross-domains before they draw a test script. Such situations can be faced when cross-origin resource sharing(CORS), a mechanism to pave the way for interaction between applications and domains different from where the applications were loaded previously, is possible.

Challenges faced by the testers

• Threads in script development tools often come with a learning curve. The testers or test engineers may take some time studying the functionalities and learning curves of the tool. This may lead to potential errors in test scripts created by the testers due to their unfamiliarity with the tool. Designing test scripts requires great research, analysis, and requirements evaluation. Poorly designed scripts might result in an inability to understand, maintain, and debug them.
• Lack of frequent updation- The test engineers must be aware of the frequent updates in the browsers and their versions and amend their test scripts accordingly. If not, the tool may fail to give reliable test results.
• Data inaccuracy- The data must be maintained consistently with integrity. When tests are run on outdated data, the result may include inaccurate positives and negatives that are not true.
• Adhering to application changes– When any change is made, the same must be reflected in the test scripts too. The testers must be aware of the changes and update their test scripts.
• External conditions- The testing also depends on external conditions like networking and system loads. They are non-deterministic conditions. However, they can cause inaccurate test results.
• Errors in the code- Errors in CSS/HTML codes, incorrect DOCTYPE, and issues in JavaScript can be major threats to automated testing. Any lack of valid front-end codes may throw a bug. So, before an application is tested, the codes must be checked with code validators. Though invalid codes may run on Chrome and Firefox, the same is not expected in the case of other browsers too.

Cross-browser testing is a technique that can never be neglected while testing a software application. Automating it is a great idea unless it does not throw any major challenges that might destroy the whole testing process. Though there are mighty challenges in cross-browser automated testing, they can be overcome effectively by addressing them immediately and implementing relevant strategies to produce an effective testing result.

Some of the major challenges and threats were discussed in this article, along with the solutions that could solve the disparities caused by the challenges. Hope the article answered your queries on this topic and cleared your doubts

In the digital age, building an online presence is crucial for individuals and businesses alike. Social bookmarking sites play a significant role in driving traffic, increasing visibility, and improving search engine rankings. Whether you’re a blogger, marketer, or website owner, leveraging the power of social bookmarking can greatly benefit your online endeavors. To help you navigate the ever-evolving landscape, we’ve compiled a list of top social bookmarking sites.

If you are a business owner, you already know how important it is to connect with your subscribers through email to boost your revenue.

However, with countless emails flooding your subscriber’s inboxes, it can be tough to grab their attention and get them to act.

So, how can you ensure your email stands out and persuade your subscribers to act?

Well, in this article, we will explore some practical tips and strategies for crafting a persuasive email that drives revenue for your business.

Knowing your audience is key

When it comes to crafting a persuasive email, understanding your audience is crucial.

Before you send any email, take some time to think about who your target audience is and what they are looking for.

The more you know about your target audience, the better you can tailor your message to speak directly to them.

Now, the next step is to find out their email address. While this seems like a daunting task, you do not have to worry about it with the right tool handy.

Yes, there are tools out there that can help!

In the next section, we will explore the email finder tool that can make the process much easier.

Once you have your audience’s email address, it is time to put that knowledge to work. Try to understand their needs and challenges and think about how your product or service can help solve their problems.

For example, if you run a fitness studio, you might send an email to subscribers who have expressed interest in losing weight.

In the email, you could talk about the benefits of your weight loss program and how it has helped others achieve their fitness goals.

This will show them how you understand their struggles and how your product or service can provide a solution.

Pro tip – How to find someone’s email address?

Finding someone’s email address can be a challenging task, especially if you do not have their contact information readily available.

However, there are several email address finder tools available that can help you find someone’s email address quickly and easily.

Hence, you do not have to worry about how to find someone’s email address.

One such tool is GetEmail.io which enables you to search for email addresses associated with a particular domain or company.

Even if you know the company they work for, you can just head over to the company website and get the email address by using the GetEmail.io popup extension.

I hope you find this helpful.

Write a compelling subject line

Your subject line is the first thing your subscribers will see, so it is essential to make it attention-grabbing and relevant. You can use humor, curiosity, or urgency to pique their interest and encourage them to open your email.

For example, if you run an online store, you could use a subject line like “Last chance to save 50% on our best-selling products.”

Use persuasive language

The language you use in your email can make a significant difference in how persuasive it is. Use active voice and strong verbs to convey your message clearly and powerfully.

Focus on the benefits of your product or service and how it can solve your subscribers’ problems.

For instance, if you sell skincare products, you could say “Our all-natural face serum can reduce wrinkles and improve skin textures in just two weeks.”

Create urgency

Creating a sense of urgency in your email can motivate your subscribers to act.

You can use scarcity or time-bound offers to encourage them to act quickly.

For example, if you are a travel agency, you could send an email with the subject line “Limited seats left for our Hawaii vacation package” and offer a discount to those who book within 48 hours (about 2 days).

Make it easy to act

Make it easy for your subscribers to act by including a clear call to action (CTA) button that stands out.

The CTA should be simple, specific, and relevant to the email’s content.

For example, if you run a software company, your CTA could say “Try our software for free” and link to a landing page where subscribers can sign up for a trial.

Personalize your message

Personalization can make your email more relevant and engaging for your subscribers.

You can use their name, location, or past purchases to tailor your message to their interests.

For example, if you run a pet store, you could send an email to subscribers who have bought cat food in the past, offering them a discount on their next purchase of cat toys or treats.

Test and optimize

To ensure your email campaigns are effective, you need to test and optimize them continually.

Try different subject lines, messaging, CTAs (call to action), and designs to see what works best for your audience.

For example, you could send two versions of the same email to a random subset of your subscribers and see which one gets a higher open or click-through rate.

Based on the data you collect; you can refine your email strategy and improve your results over time.

Concluding thoughts

Crafting a persuasive email takes time and effort, but it can pay off in increased revenue and engagement with your subscribers.

By knowing your audience, writing compelling subject lines, and messaging, creating urgency, making it easy to act, personalizing your message, and testing and optimizing your campaigns, you can create emails that persuade your subscribers to act and drive revenue for your business.

It is difficult to run a business online or on an eCommerce site without a long list of requirements. Each marketing type, strategy, and sub-category offers a wide range of considerations within the industry of marketing.

It is important to understand how SEO can be used for long-term success. Most people already know about SEO.

Search optimization will likely fall to the back burner for online businesses due to so many other budgeting concerns they have to deal with. Balance across multiple channels is especially difficult for online businesses, which means identifying which ones are most advantageous and improving them – whether it’s social media, paid advertisements, or email outreach. Considering the amount of time and effort that an SEO company will take, as well as the fact that sometimes it feels like a guessing game when dealing with search engines, the benefits of hiring a company might not be as evident.

Nevertheless, for those with expertise in SEO, the benefits are evident, as are the factors involved. Google and Bing frequently modify their search algorithms, causing companies to lose traffic and keyword rankings seemingly at random. For businesses or websites that don’t know what they’re doing, SEO can seem like a waste of time if they don’t know what they’re doing wrong. An SEO agency is a necessary investment, so here’s why.

It’s All In The Numbers

Online browsing is dominated by traffic derived from internet searches. Information is found through search engines. Quite simply, that’s how it works. As long as the search is prominent, consumers will still make decisions based on what they find in Google – the main resource for web users.

The number of search engines has increased dramatically – people conduct searches continually on Google, Bing, Facebook, Amazon, etc. Despite their ingrained nature, these channels are the world’s largest marketing channels and produce the highest return on investment.

An SEO company can help you oversee this entire channel for you, which is one of the benefits of hiring them. Several companies prefer to outsource their search optimization to a team or agency that can devote full of its efforts to this task.

SEO Companies Offer More Professional SEO Services

There is no doubt that you will learn more about search engine optimization from an agency that specializes in it. To keep up with the changing landscape of SEO, it is wise to hire a company that utilizes the best tools, resources, and strategies. Your company can focus on other areas by outsourcing its work to an agency.

To stay on top of algorithm updates and their impact on search results, SEO agencies can monitor Google news channels and SEO news forums. Several agencies monitor their clients’ sites for algorithm updates to determine if they have been affected and provide advice on how to fix it.

Taking advantage of an SEO agency’s expertise can help you optimize the following on-page elements: meta titles, meta descriptions, internal links, and keyword density. The strategies employed by SEO agencies have been proven time and again to work. Performing keyword research and editing content efficiently takes time and resources, but it can gradually boost organic performance.

Make Sure Your Traffic Grows As Well As Your Sales

Traffic is only one aspect of good SEO. To bring in the right kind of traffic, SEO agencies and digital marketing companies perform keyword research that takes into account industry language and searcher behavior.

Detecting and targeting intent-driven keywords means gaining traffic from people who are ready to buy and know what they want. A professional SEO will allow your brand to focus on keywords that will generate sales, and ignore those that won’t. This is another reason why SEO is so important for businesses that want to leverage their existing performance.

Data analysis can be used to identify areas of your website that provide the most opportunities and can provide long-term growth. Furthermore, it allows them to find keywords with high value based on intent. It is possible to go URL-by-URL and target web search traffic from prospects who are more likely to convert when this data is combined with ranking data.

Make Your Business More Efficient With Data

For understanding their customers and expanding their business, most businesses already rely on statistical information. Data analytics tools such as Google Analytics are commonly used to monitor site traffic and KPIs at most companies.

It won’t be possible for them to properly interpret that data without a good understanding of SEO strategy.

In the world of digital marketing, search engine optimization (SEO) has become an essential tool for businesses to increase their online visibility and drive traffic to their websites. With so much competition in the online space, it can be challenging to stand out from the crowd and reach your target audience. This is where ChatGPT comes in – a powerful tool that can revolutionize your SEO strategy.

ChatGPT is a language model developed by OpenAI, which can generate human-like responses to natural language queries. It is a sophisticated AI tool that can understand the nuances of language and provide relevant and accurate answers to users. ChatGPT can be used for a variety of purposes, including customer service, content creation, and SEO.

#1. Keyword Research –

One of the most important aspects of SEO is keyword research. It involves identifying the keywords and phrases that your target audience is searching for and incorporating them into your website content. ChatGPT can help with this by generating a list of relevant keywords based on your industry, niche, and target audience. This can save you a lot of time and effort in trying to come up with the right keywords to use.

#2. Content Creation –

Creating high-quality content is essential for SEO success. It involves writing articles, blog posts, and other types of content that are informative, engaging, and relevant to your target audience. ChatGPT can help with this by generating content ideas, writing outlines, and even producing full articles. This can save you a lot of time and effort in creating content and ensure that it is of high quality.

#3. On-Page Optimization –

On-page optimization refers to the process of optimizing your website content to make it more visible to search engines. This involves optimizing your meta tags, headers, images, and other elements of your website. ChatGPT can help with this by providing suggestions on how to optimize your content for SEO. This can help you to improve your website’s visibility in search engine results pages (SERPs) and drive more traffic to your website.

#4. Backlink Building –

Backlinks are links from other websites that point to your website. They are important for SEO because they signal to search engines that your website is authoritative and relevant. ChatGPT can help with backlink building by generating a list of potential websites that you can reach out to for link-building opportunities. This can help you to improve your website’s authority and relevance in the eyes of search engines.

#5. Competitive Analysis –

Analyzing your competitors’ SEO strategies is essential for staying ahead of the competition. ChatGPT can help with this by analyzing your competitors’ websites and providing insights into their SEO tactics. This can help you to identify areas where you can improve your own SEO strategy and stay ahead of the competition.

ChatGPT is a powerful tool that can revolutionize your SEO strategy. From keyword research to content creation and on-page optimization, ChatGPT can help you to improve your website’s visibility and drive more traffic to your website. By leveraging the power of AI, you can stay ahead of the competition and achieve SEO success.

Negative SEO is a shady practice targeted at competitor sites to hurt their traffic, ranking, and web performance. It involves techniques to manipulate search engines into thinking that a competitor is an untrustworthy player. It is also called Black Hat SEO.

Unethical optimizers use this practice to steal the search engine rankings of their competitors. The techniques involve creating fake social profiles and generating tens of thousands of spammy links to your site to tarnish your online image.

Advanced black-hat search engine optimizers involve in hacking websites. The good news is that no matter how bad the attack is, there are ways to overcome it.

1) Link Farming

It is SEO 101 that Google values your site if it has good links pointing to it. The more good links from authoritative sites, the higher the chances for your site to rank high.

But what will happen if you acquire links from sites that have spammy content or those that host the 3Ps, aka, Pills, porn, and poker? Google will devalue your site or may altogether drop your site from the index.

Attackers know this very well. Hence, they use automated software and Public Blog Networks (PBNs) to make your site an objectionable one in the eyes of search engines.

Solution: If your site experiences a sharp drop in traffic, wake up. Audit the links using a tool like Ahrefs to identify the ones from spammy sites. Once identified, submit to Google a ‘disavow’ file containing all links that attack your site with spammy links.

2) Fake Social Media Profiles

Some create fake social media profiles using your logo and name to get some online mileage out of your brand value. This is a common issue renowned brands face. There is a thriving underground industry involved in identity theft.

Attackers and bots use profile photos and details of a brand or a person to impersonate them. For an untrained eye, it is really tough to differentiate between a fake profile and a real one.

Scammers are so clever that they can recreate an entity’s logo, font, and color scheme with an uncanny resemblance to siphon off their value.

Take a look at this fake Twitter profile of Donald J Trump.

Solution: Ask your followers to report fake profiles. This is the best method to achieve quick results. Using a social media monitoring tool is an effective way to identify fake profiles at the beginning stage.

Tools like Intsights can help you identify fake profiles. These tools monitor social mentions and alert you in time if something is fishy.

3) Duplicating Your Content

Attackers use this tactic to make search algorithms punish you. They copy your site’s content and publish it across many websites and manipulate search engines.

Some attackers go beyond just duplicating the content and clone sites. Doing so will push Google to penalize your site.

Solution: Akin to social media listening tools, there are tools available to find if anyone duplicates your content.

Sites like Sitechecker are useful in busting duplicate content.

Most of these tools work in a similar fashion. All you need to do is enter your website URL, and you will be given a site audit report. Subscribing to premium versions of these tools will unlock more insights.

4) Removing Your Valuable Backlinks

This is another impersonation technique attackers use to shoot down your authoritative backlinks. They send requests to webmasters posing either as you or an agency representing your company.

They may cite reasons like Changes to Google’s algorithm for the request. Advanced attackers send Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) removal requests to Google.

There was this case wherein an attacker tried to take down more than 1,600 URLs of a website. Guess what? Google did remove a considerable number of URLs.

Solution: Never use an unprofessional email address to communicate with webmasters. An address that looks like smith@example.com is way more professional than smithfromexample@gmail.com. Also, categorize your backlinks by performance and use tools to monitor them.

5) Posting Fake Reviews

Posting fake bad reviews across social media and Google listings is another easy way attackers use to tarnish your brand image. Since reviewing a local business and service has been democratized by search engines, it has become easy for attackers to manipulate them. Sophisticated attackers use advanced bots to achieve this task.

Since search engines consider star-rating and reviews while ranking a site, fake negative reviews do make a dent in your reputation.

Even if search engines rank your site atop the search results, the supposedly bad reviews will negatively impact those who see your listing. Result: They end up giving a skip to your business and choosing someone else over you.

“If yours is a local business, the fake negative ratings can hurt you badly as Google’s rich snippets display star-rating in its SERPs”, says Cristian Ward CEO of San Diego SEO Inc

Solution: Actively monitoring your reviews is the only way to keep fake negative reviews at bay. Fortunately, search engines do give you the option to flag reviews that have malicious intent. Please don’t go overboard with this option.

At times, even genuine negative reviews may seem like fake ones. If a negative review is an honest one, addressing the customer issue would be a wise decision.

Social bookmarking is a powerful way to build backlinks and increase your visibility on the web. If you are looking for ways to get more traffic and exposure for your website, then consider using social bookmarking sites. There are many social bookmarking services out there and finding the best one will completely depend on your business needs. 

In this post, we have compiled a list of the best free social bookmarking sites that you can use to improve your SEO in 2022. 

A social bookmarking site is a platform where users can save and share links to web pages. These links can be organized into categories, making it easy for other users to find them. Social bookmarking sites are a great way to discover new content and keep track of your favorites.

Some of the most popular social bookmarking sites include Pinterest, Reddit, and Digg. These sites have millions of users and offer a wide variety of content. They are also free to use, which makes them accessible to everyone.

When you bookmark a link on a social bookmarking site, it is saved for other users to see. You can also leave comments on these links, which can help to start a conversation about the content. Social bookmarking sites are a great way to connect with other users and find new and interesting content.

There are many benefits of using high DA do-follow social bookmarking sites for SEO purposes. One of the most important benefits is that it can help to increase your website’s visibility and traffic. When you submit your website to a high DA social bookmarking site, it will be indexed by the search engines more quickly. This can lead to more people finding your website, which can ultimately lead to more traffic.

Using high DA do-follow social bookmarking sites is that it can help to improve your website’s search engine ranking. This is because the links from these sites are seen as high-quality backlinks by search engines. Backlinks are one of the most important factors in determining a website’s search engine ranking. Therefore, getting links from high DA do-follow social bookmarking sites can give your website a boost in search engine rankings.

Overall, there are many reasons why you should use do-follow social bookmarking sites for SEO purposes. These sites can help to increase your website’s visibility and traffic, and they can also improve your website’s search engine ranking. If you want to improve your website’s SEO, then you should definitely consider using these types of sites.

Read More: Popular Bookmarking Sites List

Read More: Top Bookmarking Sites List

Read More: High PR Bookmarking Sites List

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Read More: Without Registration Bookmarking Sites List

Read More: Do-follow Social Bookmarking Sites List

There are many benefits of social bookmarking. 

• It helps to improve the visibility of your website or blog. When you submit your content to social bookmarking sites, it can be seen by a larger audience. This can help to increase traffic to your site.
• Social bookmarking can help to improve your search engine rankings. When you submit your content to high-quality social bookmarking sites, it will be associated with your website. This can help to improve your website’s search engine rankings.
• Social bookmarking can help to build backlinks to your site. When people see your content on social bookmarking sites and click on the links, they will be directed to your website. This can help to increase the number of backlinks to your site, which is a valuable ranking factor for search engines.
• Social bookmarking can be a great way to improve the visibility of your website or blog and build backlinks.

• You need to find high-quality free social bookmarking sites. You can do this by searching for “free social bookmarking sites” on Google. Make sure to look for sites with a high domain authority (DA).
• Create an account on each of the social bookmarking sites that you’ve found. Once you’ve created your account, you can start bookmarking your content. When bookmarking your content, be sure to use relevant tags and categories so that others can easily find your content.
• Make sure to promote your content on social media and other channels. This will help increase the visibility of your content and attract more people to it.

Looking for a list of high DAs that do follow social bookmarking sites? Look no further! Here is a list of 150 free automated social bookmarking tools that you can use to get your website or blog noticed by search engines.

Here is a list of the best free social bookmarking sites that you can use in 2022:

Social bookmarking is still effective in 2022. The reason why social bookmarking is still effective is that people have a habit of sharing their favorite websites with their friends and family. Social bookmarking helps people to save time and also helps them find the right website when they are on the internet.

Social bookmarking has been around since 2005 but it became more popular in 2009 when Google added the ability to share links using Facebook, Twitter, and other social networking sites. Google even added its own social bookmarking tool called Google Bookmarks.

Find high DA social bookmarking sites: The first step is to find social bookmarking sites that have high domain authority. This will help to ensure that your links are valuable and that they will be indexed by Google.

Create an account and submit your links: Once you have found a few High DA social bookmarking sites, you will need to create an account and submit your links. Make sure to include a keyword-rich title and description for each link.

Monitor your traffic: After you have submitted your links, it is important to monitor your traffic. Check to see if there is an increase in traffic to your website from the social bookmarking sites. If so, then you are on the right track!

Businesses, including those in the Software as a Service (SaaS) industry, only make money after people have purchased their products. SaaS companies make money when customers subscribe to their services. This means it is vital to know how to convince people to buy your product. The more people that buy your product, the more your business will thrive. This simple fact means that the most crucial aspect of any marketing campaign is making a “call to action”.

A call to action is an action that a marketing campaign takes to persuade customers to do something. A call to action can come in the form of a video, an online article, an audio clip, or any other form. It offers a point of contact to the customer. The goal is sales persuasion to leverage the customer’s desire to buy a needed product or service.

To know how to convince someone to buy something, the marketer must first understand the needs of a potential subscriber. The decision to buy also often depends on the level of commitment the buyer must make.