Wikipedia:Picture of the day/Archive
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These featured pictures, as scheduled below, appeared as the picture of the day (POTD) on the English Wikipedia's Main Page in the last 30 days.
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February 8
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The flame robin (Petroica phoenicea) is a small passerine bird native to Australia. It is a moderately common resident of the coolest parts of south-eastern Australia, including Tasmania. It was first described by the French naturalists Jean René Constant Quoy and Joseph Paul Gaimard in 1830 and, like many brightly coloured Australasian robins, it is sexually dimorphic. Measuring 12 to 14 cm (5 to 6 in) long, the flame robin has dark brown eyes and a small thin black bill. The male has a brilliant orange-red chest and throat, and a white patch on the forehead above the bill. Its upper parts are iron-grey with white bars, and its tail black with white tips. The female is a nondescript grey-brown. It mostly breeds in and around the Great Dividing Range, the Tasmanian highlands and islands in Bass Strait. With the coming of cooler autumn weather, most birds disperse to lower and warmer areas. This male flame robin was photographed in Jenolan Caves, New South Wales, Australia. Photograph credit: John Harrison
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February 7
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Greenpeace is a global campaigning network founded in Canada in 1971. Its goal is to "ensure the ability of the Earth to nurture life in all its diversity", with campaigns focused on issues such as climate change, deforestation, overfishing, commercial whaling, genetic engineering and the anti-war and anti-nuclear movements. It uses direct action, advocacy, research and ecotage to achieve its goals. Greenpeace had its origins in protests staged in the late 1960s against Cannikin, an American underground nuclear weapon test in the tectonically unstable island of Amchitka in Alaska, amid concerns that the test would trigger earthquakes and a tsunami. This 1971 photograph shows the nuclear device that sparked the creation of Greenpeace being lowered into its firing hole for Cannikin. Photograph credit: United States Atomic Energy Commission; retouched by Kylesenior and Bammesk
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February 6
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Magna Lykseth-Skogman (6 February 1874 – 13 November 1949) was a Norwegian-born Swedish operatic soprano. After making her debut at the Royal Swedish Opera (Kungliga Operan) in 1901 as Santuzza in Cavalleria rusticana, she was engaged there until 1918 and became the company's prima donna. Lykseth performed leading roles in a wide range of operas but is remembered in particular for her Wagnerian interpretations, creating Brünnhilde in the Swedish premieres of Siegfried and Götterdämmerung, as well as Isolde in Tristan und Isolde in 1909. Considered to be one of the most outstanding Swedish opera singers of her generation, she was awarded the Litteris et Artibus, a Swedish royal medal for the arts, in 1907 and became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music in 1912. This 1909 photograph shows Lykseth in costume as Isolde with the Kungliga Operan. Photograph credit: Atelier Jaeger; restored by Adam Cuerden
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February 5
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The banded demoiselle (Calopteryx splendens) is a species of damselfly in the family Calopterygidae. It is a Eurasian species, occurring from the Atlantic coast eastwards to Lake Baikal and northwestern China. Often found along slow-flowing streams and rivers, it is a common species throughout much of its range. This male banded demoiselle was photographed at Farmoor in Oxfordshire, England, near the River Thames. Males have a dark wing patch that starts at the nodus but can reach up to the wing tip in southern races. Photograph credit: Charles J. Sharp
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February 4
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San Pedro is a composite volcano in northern Chile and one of the tallest active volcanoes in the world. It is part of the Andean Volcanic Belt and, like other Andean volcanoes, was formed by the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South America Plate. San Pedro is formed of two separate edifices, the Old Cone and the Young Cone, and is adjoined to a neighbouring volcano, San Pablo. The Old Cone was active over one hundred thousand years ago and was eventually truncated by a giant landslide that removed its northwestern side. Within the landslide scar lava flows and pyroclastic flows constructed the Young Cone as well as the lateral centre La Poruña. Some eruptions have been reported during historical time, and presently the volcano is fumarolically active. This photograph shows San Pedro in the foreground, with San Pablo visible behind it to the right. Photograph credit: Diego Delso
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February 3
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The brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater) is a small cowbird in the icterid family, Icteridae. It is distinguished from other icterids by its finch-like head and beak and its smaller size. The adult male is iridescent black in color with a brown head, while the adult female is slightly smaller and is dull grey with a pale throat and very fine streaking on the underparts. The brown-headed cowbird is an obligate brood parasite, laying its eggs in the nests of other small perching birds and relying on those birds to raise its young. Its eggs have been documented in the nests of at least 220 host species, including hummingbirds and raptors. This female brown-head cowbird was photographed in Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge in New York City. Photograph credit: Rhododendrites
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February 2
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Edmonia Lewis (1844–1907), also known as "Wildfire", was a sculptor of African-American and Native American heritage. Born free from slavery, Lewis spent her childhood in Upstate New York and New Jersey before moving to Boston in 1864 to pursue her career as a sculptor. After training with marble-bust specialist Edward Augustus Brackett, Lewis opened her own studio later in 1864. In 1866, she moved to Rome, Italy, citing "opportunities for art culture" and finding "a social atmosphere where I was not constantly reminded of my color" as reasons for the move. She went on to spend most of her adult career there. Her largest and most significant work was a marble sculpture weighing more than 3,000 pounds (1,400 kg) showing the death of Cleopatra, which was created for the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. This albumen print of Lewis was produced in around 1870 by the German-American photographer Henry Rocher. Photograph credit: Henry Rocher; restored by Adam Cuerden
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February 1
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Daphne mezereum, commonly known as the mezereum, February daphne, spurge laurel or spurge olive, is a species of daphne in the flowering plant family Thymelaeaceae, native to most of Europe and western Asia. D. mezereum is very toxic because of the compounds mezerein and daphnin present especially in the berries and twigs. The flowers have a four-lobed pink or light purple (rarely white) perianth and are strongly scented. This D. mezereum flower was photographed in a forest near Keila, Estonia. Photograph credit: Ivar Leidus
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January 31
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Brookesia thieli, commonly known as Domergue's leaf chameleon, is a species of lizard in the chamaeleon family, Chamaeleonidae. The species is endemic to eastern Madagascar. It was first described in 1969 by Édouard-Raoul Brygoo and Charles Antoine Domergue. This B. thieli lizard was photographed on a leaf in Andasibe, Madagascar. Photograph credit: Charles J. Sharp
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January 30
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The redcurrant (Ribes rubrum) is a deciduous shrub in the gooseberry family, Grossulariaceae, which is native to western Europe. The plant normally grows to a height of up to one metre (3 ft), with its leaves arranged spirally on the stems. The flowers are inconspicuous yellow-green, maturing into bright red translucent edible berries. An established redcurrant bush can produce 3 to 4 kilograms (7 to 9 lb) of berries from mid- to late summer. The species is widely cultivated, with the berries known for their tart flavor, a characteristic provided by a relatively high content of organic acids and mixed polyphenols. This photograph of a bunch of redcurrant berries was focus-stacked from 15 separate images. Photograph credit: Ivar Leidus
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January 29
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Cyrano de Bergerac is a 1950 American adventure comedy film based on the 1897 French verse drama Cyrano de Bergerac by Edmond Rostand. It uses the poet Brian Hooker's 1923 English blank-verse translation as the basis for its screenplay. The film was the first motion picture version in English of Rostand's play, though there were several earlier adaptations in different languages. The 1950 film was produced by Stanley Kramer and directed by Michael Gordon. José Ferrer received the Academy Award for Best Actor for his starring performance as Cyrano de Bergerac. Mala Powers played Roxane, and William Prince portrayed Christian de Neuvillette. Film credit: Michael Gordon
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January 28
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The Space Shuttle Challenger disaster was the first fatal accident to an American spacecraft in flight. On January 28, 1986, the Space Shuttle Challenger broke apart 73 seconds into the flight of STS-51-L, the 25th mission of NASA's Space Shuttle program. All seven crew members aboard were killed. The spacecraft disintegrated 46,000 feet (14 km) above the Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of Cape Canaveral, Florida, at 11:39 am EST. This official portrait of the STS-51-L crew was taken on November 15, 1985. In the back row, from left to right, are Ellison Onizuka, Christa McAuliffe, Gregory Jarvis, and Judith Resnik. In the front row, from left to right, are Michael J. Smith, Dick Scobee, and Ronald McNair. Photograph credit: NASA
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January 27
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The Indian pied myna (Gracupica contra) is a species of starling found in the Indian subcontinent, with a principal distribution from the Gangetic plains extending south to the Krishna River. This range has increased in recent times, with populations established in Pakistan, western India and also Dubai. The spread has been aided by changes in irrigation and farming patterns and accidental escape of caged birds. The Indian pied myna is found mainly in lowland open areas with scattered trees near water, often near human habitation, but also inhabits areas up to around 700 metres (2,300 ft) in altitude. It has a black and white plumage with a yellowish bill and a reddish bill base. This pair of Indian pied mynas was photographed outside the city of Hapur in Uttar Pradesh, India. Photograph credit: Charles J. Sharp
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January 26
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Kenje Ogata (1919–2012) was a Japanese American who served in the United States Army Air Corps during World War II. Born in Gary, Indiana, he grew up in Sterling, Illinois, and went on to earn his pilot's license through the Civilian Pilot Training Program. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941, Ogata applied to join the armed forces. Due to his Japanese heritage he was discouraged from joining, but he insisted, telling the recruitment office "I am here to serve". In 1943, Ogata was assigned to the Fifteenth Air Force in Italy, training as a ball turret gunner. He rose to the rank of staff sergeant, completed thirty-five missions, and survived two crashes. For his service and injuries sustained in combat, he received the Air Medal with three bronze oak leaf clusters and the Purple Heart. This portrait of Ogata in uniform was taken in 1943. Photograph credit: unknown photographer; restored by Adam Cuerden
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January 25
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Lahaul and Spiti is a district of the northern Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. Located in the Himalayas, it was formed by the merger of the districts of Lahaul and Spiti in 1960. At the 2011 census of India, it was the least densely populated district of India. This photograph shows the valley of the Bhaga River in Lahaul, with the villages of Kardang (left) and Biling (right) visible on opposite sides of the river, near the district headquarters of Kyelang. Photograph credit: Timothy A. Gonsalves
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January 24
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The Mac (known as the Macintosh until 1999) is a family of personal computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The product lineup includes the MacBook Air and MacBook Pro laptops, and the iMac, Mac Mini, Mac Studio, and Mac Pro desktops. Macs are sold with the macOS operating system, previously known as OS X. The Macintosh project was conceived by Jef Raskin in 1979 and then redefined in 1981 by Apple co-founder Steve Jobs, the first model being introduced in 1984 through an advertisement played during Super Bowl XVIII. The product evolved with the introduction of color in 1987 with the Macintosh II, and a new processor line in the Power Macintosh in 1994. Through most of the 1990s, the Mac was not fully competitive with commodity IBM PC compatibles. Steve Jobs returned to Apple in 1996 and subsequently returned the Mac to the mainstream with the launch of the iMac series OS X. Many users, especially professionals, felt that the Mac was neglected during the 2010s under CEO Tim Cook, but a new line of Macs with the Apple silicon chipset has received more positive reviews. This photograph shows Jobs with the first Mac, at the time of its launch on January 24, 1984. The image on the computer screen is a digitized version of A Woman Combing Her Hair, a painting by the Japanese artist Goyō Hashiguchi. Photograph credit: Bernard Gotfryd; edited by W.carter and Janke
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January 23
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Junonia orithya, commonly known as the blue pansy or the blue argus, is a nymphalid butterfly with many subspecies occurring from Africa, through southern and south-eastern Asia, and Australia. Both males and females have predominantly velvety black, blue, orange and white colouring, with females being slightly larger than males and with more clearly defined ocelli and markings. This male J. orithya butterfly was photographed in Periyar National Park in Kerala, India. Photograph credit: Jeevan Jose
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January 22
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The 1854 Broad Street cholera outbreak was a severe outbreak of cholera that occurred near Broad Street (now Broadwick Street), in the London district of Soho, during the 1846–1860 worldwide cholera pandemic. The outbreak, which killed 616 people and had a mortality rate of 12.8 per thousand in some areas, is best known for the study of its causes by the physician John Snow and his hypothesis that germ-contaminated water was the source of cholera, rather than particles in the air (referred to as miasma). This discovery came to influence public health and the construction of improved sanitation facilities beginning in the mid–19th century. This dot map of Soho drawn by Snow shows clusters of cholera cases (indicated by stacked rectangles) in the 1854 outbreak. He identified a contaminated pump, located at the junction of Broad Street and Cambridge Street, as the source. The map, published in Snow's book On the Mode of Communication of Cholera, marks an important part of the development of epidemiology as a field, and of disease mapping as a whole. Map credit: John Snow
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January 21
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The rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri) is a medium-sized parrot in the family Psittacidae. It has disjunct native ranges in Africa and the Indian subcontinent, and has been introduced into many other parts of the world, including northern Europe, where feral populations have established themselves in urban areas and are bred for the exotic pet trade. Wild populations have a distinctive green colour, red beak and blue tail with adult males sporting a pink and black neck ring. This male rose-ringed parakeet of the subspecies P. k. borealis was photographed in Jaipur in Rajasthan, India. Photograph credit: Charles J. Sharp
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January 20
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Ely Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral in the city of Ely in Cambridgeshire, England. The cathedral can trace its origin to an abbey founded in Ely in 672 by St Æthelthryth (also called Etheldreda). The earliest parts of the present building date to 1083, and it was granted cathedral status in 1109. Until the Reformation the cathedral was dedicated to St Etheldreda and St Peter, at which point it was refounded as the Cathedral Church of the Holy and Undivided Trinity of Ely. It is the cathedral of the Diocese of Ely and seat of the Bishop of Ely. Ely Cathedral was built in a monumental Romanesque style, with the galilee porch, lady chapel and choir later rebuilt in an exuberant Decorated Gothic. Its central octagonal tower and the West Tower give it a prominent position above the surrounding flat landscape. This photograph shows the cathedral's lady chapel. Photograph credit: David Iliff
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January 19
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Billy Bowlegs (c. 1810 – 1859), real name Holata Micco (Alligator Chief), was an important leader of the Seminoles in Florida during the Second Seminole War and was the remaining Seminoles' most prominent chief during the Third Seminole War, in which he led the Seminoles' last major resistance against the United States government. With the possibilities of military victory dwindling, he finally agreed to relocate with his people to Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma) in 1858. As part of the settlement he was paid $6,500, plus $1,000 each for the subchiefs and $100 each for the women and children who went with him. This lithograph of Bowlegs was produced by an unknown engraver around 1865 to 1870, based on an original work by Julian Vannerson. Lithograph credit: unknown, after Julian Vannerson; restored by Adam Cuerden
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January 18
Chlamys varia, also known as the variegated scallop, is a small bi-valve mollusc in the scallop family, Pectinidae. It occurs in the North Sea, the English Channel, the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and the Red Sea, living at depths of up to around 100 m along coastal rocky areas. It typically lives under boulders or among the holdfasts of seaweeds. The shell of Chlamys varia comes in a range of colours and variegated patterns including white, pink, red, orange, yellow, or purple, and anything in between. Both valves are convex, rounded or oval, and symmetrical except for the ears on either side of the umbo. The shell does not usually exceed 6 cm in length. This C. varia shell, with left and right valves shown, was originally found in the Adriatic Sea near Italy. Photograph credit: Llez
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January 17
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The Battle of Antietam, also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg, was a battle of the American Civil War fought on September 17, 1862, between Confederate general Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia and Union general George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac near Sharpsburg, Maryland, and Antietam Creek. Part of the Maryland campaign, it was the first field army–level engagement in the eastern theater of the American Civil War to take place on Union soil. It remains the bloodiest day in American history, with a combined tally of 22,727 dead, wounded, or missing. Although the Union Army suffered heavier casualties than the Confederates, the battle was a major turning point in the Union's favor. This 1862 illustration by Edwin Forbes shows the charge across Burnside's Bridge, which took place during the Battle of Antietam. Illustration credit: Edwin Forbes; restored by Adam Cuerden
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January 16
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Lightning is a natural phenomenon formed by electrostatic discharges through the atmosphere between two electrically charged regions, either both in the atmosphere or one in the atmosphere and one on the ground, temporarily neutralizing these in a near-instantaneous release of an average of between 200 megajoules and 7 gigajoules of energy, depending on the type. The three main types of lightning are distinguished by where they occur: either inside a single thundercloud (intra-cloud), between two clouds (cloud-to-cloud), or between a cloud and the ground (cloud-to-ground), in which case it is referred to as a lightning strike. Lightning causes thunder, a sound from the shock wave which develops as gases in the vicinity of the discharge heat suddenly to very high temperatures. It is often heard a few seconds after the lightning itself. Thunder is heard as a rolling, gradually dissipating rumble because the sound from different portions of a long stroke arrives at slightly different times. This photograph shows strokes of cloud-to-ground lightning hitting the Mediterranean Sea close to Port-la-Nouvelle in southern France. Photograph credit: Maxime Raynal
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January 15
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The buff-banded rail (Hypotaenidia philippensis) is a medium-sized bird in the rail family, Rallidae. It comprises several subspecies found throughout much of Australasia and the south-west Pacific region, covering a range of latitudes from the tropics to the subantarctic. It utilises a range of moist or wetland habitats with low, dense vegetation for cover. The buff-banded rail is a largely terrestrial bird with the size of a small domestic chicken, with mainly brown upperparts, finely banded black-and-white underparts, a white eyebrow, and a chestnut band running from the bill round the nape, with a buff band on the breast. It is an omnivorous scavenger that feeds on a range of terrestrial invertebrates and small vertebrates, seeds, fallen fruit and other vegetable matter, as well as carrion and refuse. This buff-banded rail was photographed in Newington, New South Wales. Photograph credit: JJ Harrison
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January 14
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The gold dollar is a gold coin that was struck as a regular issue by the United States Bureau of the Mint from 1849 to 1889. It had three types over its lifetime, all designed by Mint Chief Engraver James B. Longacre. The Type 1 issue had the smallest diameter of any United States coin ever minted. A gold dollar had been proposed several times in the 1830s and 1840s, but was not initially adopted. Congress was finally galvanized into action by the increased supply of bullion from the California gold rush, and in 1849 authorized a gold dollar. In its early years, silver coins were being hoarded or exported, and the gold dollar found a ready place in commerce. Silver again circulated after Congress required in 1853 that new coins of that metal be made lighter, and the gold dollar became a rarity in commerce even before federal coins vanished from circulation amid the economic disruption of the American Civil War. Gold did not circulate again in most of the nation until 1879, and even then, the gold dollar did not regain its place in commerce. In its final years, struck in small numbers, it was hoarded by speculators and mounted in jewelry. Coin design credit: United States Mint
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January 13
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The Roman amphitheatre of Italica is a ruined Roman amphitheatre situated outside the ancient Roman settlement of Italica in Andalusia, Spain, near the modern city of Seville. It was built during the reign of the emperor Hadrian (who was born in Italica), approximately between the years 117 and 138, and was one of the largest amphitheatres in the Roman Empire. With a capacity of 25,000 spectators, it had an elliptical shape of around 160 by 137 metres (525 by 449 ft), with three levels of stands: the first of these remains intact, the second partially so, and the third is mostly in ruin. The amphitheatre, along with the rest of Italica, was largely abandoned by the Romans in the 3rd century. It was rediscovered in the 17th century during the Renaissance, and work to unearth the amphitheatre began in the late 19th century. It is now a tourist site offering visitor tours, and also featured in the TV series Game of Thrones as the dragonpit of King's Landing. This panoramic photograph shows the interior of the amphitheatre in 2015. Photograph credit: Diego Delso
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January 12
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The dragonfly is a flying insect belonging to the infraorder Anisoptera of the order Odonata. About 3,000 extant species of true dragonflies are known. Most are tropical, with fewer species in temperate regions. Adult dragonflies are characterized by a pair of large, multifaceted, compound eyes, two pairs of strong, transparent wings, sometimes with coloured patches, and an elongated body. Many dragonflies have brilliant iridescent or metallic colours produced by structural coloration, making them conspicuous in flight. An adult dragonfly's compound eyes have nearly 24,000 ommatidia each. Dragonflies are predatory insects, both in their aquatic nymphal stage (also known as "naiads") and as adults. In some species, the nymphal stage lasts up to five years, and the adult stage may be as long as 10 weeks, but most species have an adult lifespan in the order of five weeks or less, and some survive for only a few days. Loss of wetland habitat threatens dragonfly populations around the world. This male Onychogomphus forcipatus dragonfly was photographed in Kresna Gorge, Bulgaria. Photograph credit: Charles J. Sharp
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January 11
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The Maiden is a painting by the Austrian artist Gustav Klimt, completed in 1913. It depicts seven interlaced women, each woman representing a particular stage of life. The painting touches on various topics of human life, such as love, sexuality and regeneration, depicted in a cyclical shape. The virgin's gown with its many spirals of blue and purple metaphorically indicates fertility, continual change and the evolution of the universe. The Maiden was one of Klimt's last paintings before he died and is in the collection of the National Gallery Prague in the Czech Republic. Painting credit: Gustav Klimt
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January 10
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The château fort de Lourdes is a historic castle located in Lourdes in the department of Hautes-Pyrénées, France. It is strategically placed at the entrance to the seven valleys of the Lavedan. The castle's origins go back to Roman times, but today the oldest remains date from the 11th and 12th centuries and consist of the foundations of the present fortifications. The castle was reinforced in the 13th and 14th centuries (the construction of the keep), and again in the 17th and 19th centuries. From 1590, under the reign of King Henry IV, the castle became a prison, and was then later used as a barracks, before becoming a museum around the turn of the 20th century. Since 1933, it has been listed as a monument historique by the Ministry of Culture. This panoramic photograph shows the castle in 2018, with parts of the surrounding town and the peaks of the Pyrenees in the background. Photograph credit: Moahim
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