2024 Indonesian presidential election
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The 2024 Indonesian presidential election (Indonesian: Pemilihan umum presiden 2024, abbreviated as Pilpres 2024) is the fifth general election in Indonesia that aims to elect the President and Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia. The direct election is conducted to determine the holders of the office of president and vice president for the 2024‒2029 service period and will be held on Wednesday, 14 February 2024. Incumbent president Joko Widodo cannot run for a third term due to term limits set by the Indonesian constitution.
This presidential election will be held together with the legislative election for members of the House of Representatives (DPR RI), the Senate (DPD RI), and local legislative councils (DPRD Provinsi and DPRD Kabupaten or DPRD Kota) throughout Indonesia.
Background[edit]
Since 2014, the presidential election has been dominated by two candidates for president and vice president. They are Prabowo Subianto-Hatta Rajasa, who was nominated by parties supporting the Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono administration, and Joko Widodo-Jusuf Kalla, who was mostly supported by the opposition.[1] Repeating the same victory, Jokowi, who was considered as Prabowo's rival in 2014 and 2019, again won the presidential election by winning 55.5% of the votes.[2] However, both conducts of the election and political landscape was different from the 2004 and 2009 presidential elections, as the 2004 and 2009 presidential elections were followed by more than two candidates. In 2004, the presidential election was followed by five candidates in the first round with various backgrounds, including military, civilians, clerics, former presidents, and former vice presidents.[3] Whereas in 2009, the presidential election was followed by three candidates, one of which was the incumbent candidate Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.[4]
The President of Indonesia is directly elected by the people through general elections every five years. Constitutionally stipulated in Article 7 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, incumbent President Joko Widodo and former President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono cannot contest the presidential election in 2024. Therefore, Indonesia is holding simultaneous general elections to elect the executive and legislative branches for the 2024‒2029 term. The presidential election should be held before the country's leadership transition on 20 October 2024.
In the previous presidential election, Joko Widodo was re-elected to the same position along with Ma'ruf Amin as his running mate. The only other candidate, Prabowo Subianto, was given mandate as Minister of Defense by Joko Widodo following the reconciliation in July 2019.[5][6] The meeting ended the political feud between Joko Widodo and Prabowo Subianto in the presidential election, resulting in political dynamics with Gerindra and the National Mandate Party (PAN) in joining the Onward Indonesia Coalition. During the cabinet reshuffle in 2020, Prabowo's vice president during the presidential election, Sandiaga Uno, joined him in the cabinet as minister in charge of tourism and creative economy.[7]
Implementation[edit]
The general election period for the president and vice president is regulated in Article 6A and Article 22E of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and by the Law on General Elections. The presidential and vice-presidential candidate pairs are proposed by political parties or coalitions of political parties that have at least 20% of the seats in the House of Representatives (DPR RI) or at least 25% of the national vote from the previous House of Representatives general election. PDI-P is the only party that can nominate candidate pairs without forming a coalition. The general election for president and vice president is carried out in two rounds if in the first round no pair of candidates obtains more than 50% of the votes with at least 20% of the votes spread over more than half of the provinces in Indonesia.
Until 2023, the two-round general election for president and vice president has only ever taken place in the 2004 Indonesian presidential election.
Candidates[edit]
Nominees[edit]
Candidates from the Coalition of Change[edit]
Former Governor of DKI Jakarta (2017‒2022) and Minister of Education and Culture (2014‒2016), Anies Baswedan, was first nominated for president by the NasDem Party.[8] He was endorsed by the Coalition of Change, which included the NasDem Party, the Prosperous Justice Party (PKS), and the Democratic Party. The Democratic party then left in favor of Prabowo Subianto,[9] as the National Awakening Party (PKB) joined the Coalition of Change in support of Anies.[10] The PKB's entry was accompanied by an agreement to pair Anies with their chairman, Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives (DPR RI) (1999‒2009, and 2019‒present) and Minister of Labor and Transmigration (2009‒2014), Muhaimin Iskandar.[11]
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| 2024 Coalition of Change ticket | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Anies Baswedan | Muhaimin Iskandar | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Governor of DKI Jakarta (2017‒2022) | Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives (DPR RI) (1999‒2009, 2019‒present) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
167 / 575(29%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Candidates from the Advanced Indonesia Coalition[edit]
Prabowo Subianto was nominated by the Great Indonesia Movement Party (Gerindra) as the presidential candidate on 12 August 2022.[12] This was followed by two United Indonesia Coalition (KIB) member parties and non-parliamentary parties that became the forerunner of the Advanced Indonesia Coalition after the dissolution of the Great Indonesia Awakening Coalition with the National Awakening Party (PKB).[13] On 22 October 2023, President Joko Widodo's eldest son and Mayor of Surakarta, Gibran Rakabuming, was announced as a vice presidential candidate following a nomination by Golkar,[14] even though at that time of announcement, Gibran was still a member of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P).[15] He is only 36 years old and can only run after the Constitutional Court (MK RI) ruling on 16 October 2023 which allows presidential or vice presidential candidates under the age of 40 if they have been or are currently serving as governor, regent, or mayor.[16]
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| 2024 Advanced Indonesia Coalition ticket | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prabowo Subianto | Gibran Rakabuming | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| for President | for Vice President | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Minister of Defense (2019–present) | Mayor of Surakarta (2021–present) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
261 / 575(45%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Candidates from the Alliance of Parties[edit]
Joko Widodo's retirement as incumbent president in 2024 has led the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) to search for a presidential candidate to replace him. Central Java Governor (2013‒2023) and former member of the House of Representatives (2004‒2013), Ganjar Pranowo, was then nominated for president by PDI-P.[17] His candidacy was also supported by United Development Party (PPP), Perindo Party, and the People's Conscience Party (Hanura). On 18 October 2023, Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs and former member of the House of Representatives (2004‒2008) and Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court (MK RI) (2008‒2013), Mahfud MD, was announced as the vice presidential candidate for Ganjar.[18]
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| 2024 Alliance of Parties ticket | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ganjar Pranowo | Mahfud MD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| for President | for Vice President | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Governor of Central Java (2013–2023) | Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs (2019–2024) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
147 / 575(26%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Endorsements[edit]
Debates[edit]
Five rounds of debates are to be held between the candidates, with participants alternating between the presidential and vice presidential candidates. The first round of debates, between the presidential candidates, was held on 12 December 2023. The second round of debates, between their running mates, was held on 22 December 2023. The third round of debates was held on 7 January 2024. The next two rounds would be held on 21 January 2024 and 4 February 2024.[19]
In the first round, themed around law, justice, and human rights, Anies and Ganjar both attacked Prabowo over the Constitutional Court decision allowing Gibran to become his running mate. In response, Prabowo stated that the decision would be left to voters. Prabowo was also questioned over his alleged involvement in the kidnapping of activists in 1997–8.[20]
Timeline[edit]
The list of planned general election schedules is as follows:
| Dates | Activity |
|---|---|
| 29 July – 14 December 2022 | Registration, verification, and determination of election participants |
| 14 October 2022 – 9 February 2023 | Determination of the number of seats and determination of constituencies |
| 19 – 25 October 2023 | Presidential and vice presidential nominations |
| 28 November 2023 – 10 February 2024 | Election campaign period |
| 11 – 13 February 2024 | Election silence period |
| 14 February 2024 | Voting |
| 14 – 15 February 2024 | Vote counting |
| 15 February – 20 March 2024 | Recapitulation of vote counting results |
| 20 October 2024 | Inauguration/oath-taking of the President and Vice President |
In an event of a two-round Presidential election[21]
| Dates | Activity |
|---|---|
| 2 June – 22 June 2024 | Presidential and vice presidential campaign period |
| 23 June – 25 June 2024 | Election silence period |
| 26 June 2024 | Voting |
| 26 – 27 June 2024 | Vote counting |
| 27 June – 20 July 2024 | Recapitulation of vote counting results |
Opinion polls[edit]
Controversies[edit]
Constitutional court ruling and Gibran's candidacy[edit]
An Indonesian court, the Constitutional Court of Indonesia (MK RI), made a controversial exception, allowing Gibran to run for vice president in the 2024 election.[22] As per the court ruling, candidates under the required age of 40 were eligible to seek the presidency or vice-presidency in the 14 February 2024 ballot, given a condition that they held elected regional office in the past.[22] Since Gibran, who is the current Mayor of Surakarta hence an elected regional official, is the son of Joko Widodo, it led to a speculation that the President influenced the ruling so that he could continue his legacy. It was also noted that Jokowi’s brother-in-law and the Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia (MK RI), Anwar Usman, was also involved in the ruling.[23][24] Anwar Usman was ultimately demoted by the Honorary Assembly of the Constitutional Court from the position of Chief Justice on 8 November 2023 after finding him guilty of conflict of interest on the ruling.[25]
Vice Presidential debate[edit]
Another controversy came from a widely misunderstood announcement of the General Elections Commission (Indonesian: Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU)) that the debate between vice presidential candidates would not be held.[26][27] If this was true, it was a departure from previous elections where vice presidential candidates did debate each other on more than one occasions.[26] However, KPU denied the speculation and merely mentioning the fact that in every debate, both presidential and vice presidential candidates must attend every debate.[28][29] This meant that the debate between vice presidential candidates will be held and those candidates will be accompanied by their running mate and vice versa.[28][29][30]
Results[edit]
| Candidate | Running mate | Party | First round | Second round | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | ||||
| Anies Baswedan | Muhaimin Iskandar (PKB) | Independent | 0 | – | 0 | – | |
| Prabowo Subianto | Gibran Rakabuming (Ind.) | Gerindra | 0 | – | 0 | – | |
| Ganjar Pranowo | Mahfud MD (Ind.) | PDI-P | 0 | – | 0 | – | |
| Total | 0 | – | 0 | – | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 204,807,222 | – | 204,807,222 | – | |||
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^ Includes PDI-P, the United Development Party, the Perindo Party, and the People's Conscience Party.
- ^ Includes Nasdem, the National Awakening Party, the Prosperous Justice Party, the Ummah Party, the Aceh Abode Party, the Independent Solidity of the Acehnese Party, and the Aceh Just and Prosperous Party.
- ^ Includes Gerindra, the Golkar Party, the Democratic Party, the National Mandate Party, the Indonesian Solidarity Party, the Crescent Star Party, the Garuda Party, the Gelora Party, and the Aceh Party.
References[edit]
- ^ "Nomor urut pilpres: Prabowo-Hatta satu, Jokowi-JK dua". BBC (in Indonesian). 2014-06-01. Retrieved 2023-09-09.
- ^ Nurita, Dewi (2019-05-21). "Jokowi Menang di 21 Provinsi, Ini Daftar Lengkap Rekapitulasi KPU". Tempo.co. Tempo.co. Retrieved 2019-05-21.[dead link]
- ^ "Lima Pasangan Capres-Cawapres Jadi Peserta Pemilu 2004". Tempo (in Indonesian). Jakarta. 2004-05-22. Retrieved 2023-09-09.
- ^ "KPU Resmi Tetapkan Kandidat Pilpres 2009". Detik (in Indonesian). Jakarta. 2009-05-29. Retrieved 2023-09-09.
- ^ Santoso, Bangun; Hadyah Saleh, Ummi (2019-10-23). "Sah! Prabowo Subianto Jadi Menteri Pertahanan". Suara.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 8 September 2023.
- ^ "Pertemuan Jokowi - Prabowo: Ucapan selamat Prabowo dan ajakan rekonsiliasi Jokowi". BBC (in Indonesian). 2019-07-13. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
- ^ "Jokowi Resmi Tunjuk Sandiaga Uno Jadi Menteri Parekraf". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). Jakarta. 22 December 2020. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
- ^ Eva Safitri (3 October 2022). "NasDem Resmi Usung Anies Jadi Capres untuk Pemilu 2024!". Detik.com. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
- ^ "Demokrat Hengkang, Tim 8 Anies Baswedan Resmi Bubar". CNN Indonesia. 2 September 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
- ^ Anggi Muliawati (21 September 2023). "Resmi! Demokrat Dukung Prabowo Capres 2024". Detik.com. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
- ^ Abdul Hakim; Ananto Pradana (2 September 2023). Guido Merung (ed.). "Deklarasi Anies-Muhaimin digelar di hotel bersejarah Surabaya". AntaraNews.com. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
- ^ Achmad Nasrudin Yahya (12 August 2022). Icha Rastika (ed.). "Prabowo Umumkan Maju di Pilpres 2024 sebagai Capres". Kompas.com (in Indonesian). Jakarta. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
- ^ Andrian Pratama Taher (28 August 2023). Maya Saputri (ed.). "Prabowo Resmi Umumkan KKIR Ganti Jadi Koalisi Indonesia Maju". Tirto.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 1 October 2023.
- ^ Adrial Akbar (22 October 2023). "Resmi! Prabowo Umumkan Gibran Cawapres 2024". Detik.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 22 October 2023.
- ^ "Hasto PDIP: Mas Gibran Sudah Di-Kuning-kan oleh Partai Golkar". CNN Indonesia (in Indonesian). 2023-11-05. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
- ^ Vitorio Mantalean (16 October 2023). Sabrina Asril (ed.). "4 dari 9 Hakim Tak Setuju Putusan MK yang Bikin Gibran Bisa Maju Pilpres 2024". Kompas.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 22 October 2023.
- ^ Emir Yanwardhana (21 April 2023). "Sah! Megawati Umumkan Ganjar Pranowo Capres PDIP". CNBC Indonesia (in Indonesian). Jakarta. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
- ^ Matius Hutajulu (18 October 2023). "Resmi! Mahfud Md Jadi Cawapres Ganjar Pranowo". Detik.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 18 October 2023.
- ^ Hidayat, Dedi (12 December 2023). "Simak Jadwal, Tema, Stasiun TV Siarkan Debat Capres-Cawapres". rri.co.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 22 December 2023.
- ^ Teresia, Amanda; Lamb, Kate (12 December 2023). "Indonesian presidential hopefuls face off in heated debate on law, human rights". Reuters. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
- ^ detikcom, Tim. "Jadwal Pemilu 2024 Lengkap, Termasuk Jadwal Pilpres Jika 2 Putaran". detiknews (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2023-11-27.
- ^ a b "Constitutional Court's Ruling Shakes Indonesian Politic". Republika Online (in Indonesian). 2023-10-16. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
- ^ Media, Kompas Cyber (2023-03-16). "Profil Anwar Usman, Adik Ipar Jokowi yang Terpilih Kembali Jadi Ketua MK". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2023-12-12.
- ^ "Joko Widodo's son can run for Indonesian vice-president after controversial court ruling". The Guardian. 2023-10-17. Retrieved 2023-10-26.
- ^ "Top judge demoted in Indonesia after ruling favouring president's son". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
- ^ a b Arjanto, Dwi (2023-12-03). "Sederet Fakta Debat Cawapres Pilpres 2024 Dihapus KPU: Dinilai Melanggar UU". Tempo. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
- ^ Menyoal Kontestasi Pilpres Tanpa Debat Cawapres (in Indonesian), retrieved 2023-12-12
- ^ a b Ridwan, Muhammad (4 December 2023). "KPU Bantah Hapus Debat Khusus Cawapres pada Pilpres 2024". JawaPos.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 12 December 2023.
- ^ a b Suhenda, Dio (3 December 2023). "KPU to keep vice presidential debate rounds". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
- ^ Rachman, Arrijal. "Debat Cawapres Ditemenin Capres, Ternyata Ini yang Usul". CNBC Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2023-12-12.
