2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries

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2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries
← 2020 January 23 to June 8, 2024 2028 →
[a]
Opinion polls
 
Nominee Joe Biden Dean Phillips
Home state Delaware Minnesota
Estimated delegate count 91 0
Contests won 3 0
Popular vote 317,835 26,616
Percentage 83.4% 7.0%
2024 California Democratic presidential primary2024 Oregon Democratic presidential primary2024 Washington Democratic presidential primary2024 Idaho Democratic presidential primary2024 Nevada Democratic presidential primary2024 Utah Democratic presidential primary2024 Arizona Democratic presidential primary2024 Montana Democratic presidential primary2024 Wyoming Democratic presidential caucuses2024 Colorado Democratic presidential primary2024 New Mexico Democratic presidential primary2024 North Dakota Democratic presidential caucuses2024 South Dakota Democratic presidential primary2024 Nebraska Democratic presidential primary2024 Kansas Democratic presidential primary2024 Oklahoma Democratic presidential primary2024 Texas Democratic presidential primary2024 Minnesota Democratic presidential primary2024 Iowa Democratic presidential caucuses2024 Missouri Democratic presidential primary2024 Arkansas Democratic presidential primary2024 Louisiana Democratic presidential primary2024 Wisconsin Democratic presidential primary2024 Illinois Democratic presidential primary2024 Michigan Democratic presidential primary2024 Indiana Democratic presidential primary2024 Ohio Democratic presidential primary2024 Kentucky Democratic presidential primary2024 Tennessee Democratic presidential primary2024 Mississippi Democratic presidential primary2024 Alabama Democratic presidential primary2024 Georgia Democratic presidential primary2024 Florida Democratic presidential primary2024 South Carolina Democratic presidential primary2024 North Carolina Democratic presidential primary2024 Virginia Democratic presidential primary2024 West Virginia Democratic presidential primary2024 District of Columbia Democratic presidential primary2024 Maryland Democratic presidential primary2024 Delaware Democratic presidential primary2024 Pennsylvania Democratic presidential primary2024 New Jersey Democratic presidential primary2024 New York Democratic presidential primary2024 Connecticut Democratic presidential primary2024 Rhode Island Democratic presidential primary2024 Vermont Democratic presidential primary2024 New Hampshire Democratic presidential primary2024 Maine Democratic presidential primary2024 Massachusetts Democratic presidential primary2024 Alaska Democratic presidential primary2024 Hawaii Democratic presidential primary2024 Puerto Rico Democratic presidential primary2024 U.S. Virgin Islands presidential caucuses#Democratic caucuses2024 Northern Mariana Islands presidential caucuses#Democratic caucuses2024 American Samoa presidential caucuses#Democratic caucuses2024 Guam presidential caucuses#Democratic caucuses2024 Democrats Abroad presidential primary
2024 California Democratic presidential primary2024 Oregon Democratic presidential primary2024 Washington Democratic presidential primary2024 Idaho Democratic presidential primary2024 Nevada Democratic presidential primary2024 Utah Democratic presidential primary2024 Arizona Democratic presidential primary2024 Montana Democratic presidential primary2024 Wyoming Democratic presidential caucuses2024 Colorado Democratic presidential primary2024 New Mexico Democratic presidential primary2024 North Dakota Democratic presidential caucuses2024 South Dakota Democratic presidential primary2024 Nebraska Democratic presidential primary2024 Kansas Democratic presidential primary2024 Oklahoma Democratic presidential primary2024 Texas Democratic presidential primary2024 Minnesota Democratic presidential primary2024 Iowa Democratic presidential caucuses2024 Missouri Democratic presidential primary2024 Arkansas Democratic presidential primary2024 Louisiana Democratic presidential primary2024 Wisconsin Democratic presidential primary2024 Illinois Democratic presidential primary2024 Michigan Democratic presidential primary2024 Indiana Democratic presidential primary2024 Ohio Democratic presidential primary2024 Kentucky Democratic presidential primary2024 Tennessee Democratic presidential primary2024 Mississippi Democratic presidential primary2024 Alabama Democratic presidential primary2024 Georgia Democratic presidential primary2024 Florida Democratic presidential primary2024 South Carolina Democratic presidential primary2024 North Carolina Democratic presidential primary2024 Virginia Democratic presidential primary2024 West Virginia Democratic presidential primary2024 District of Columbia Democratic presidential primary2024 Maryland Democratic presidential primary2024 Delaware Democratic presidential primary2024 Pennsylvania Democratic presidential primary2024 New Jersey Democratic presidential primary2024 New York Democratic presidential primary2024 Connecticut Democratic presidential primary2024 Rhode Island Democratic presidential primary2024 Vermont Democratic presidential primary2024 New Hampshire Democratic presidential primary2024 Maine Democratic presidential primary2024 Massachusetts Democratic presidential primary2024 Alaska Democratic presidential primary2024 Hawaii Democratic presidential primary2024 Puerto Rico Democratic presidential primary2024 U.S. Virgin Islands presidential caucuses#Democratic caucuses2024 Northern Mariana Islands presidential caucuses#Democratic caucuses2024 American Samoa presidential caucuses#Democratic caucuses2024 Guam presidential caucuses#Democratic caucuses2024 Democrats Abroad presidential primary
  Joe Biden
Previous Democratic nominee

Joe Biden

 Presumptive Democratic nominee

TBD


2024 U.S. presidential election
Democratic Party
Republican Party
Third parties
Related races
← 2020 2024 2028 →

Presidential primaries and caucuses are being organized by the Democratic Party to select the delegates to the 2024 Democratic National Convention, to determine the party's nominee for president in the 2024 United States presidential election. The elections will take place in all 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, five U.S. territories, and Democrats Abroad, and will be held between January and June that year.[1] Incumbent President Joe Biden is running for re-election with Vice President Kamala Harris as his running mate.[2] Biden maintains a significant lead in polls,[3] and no incumbent president has lost nomination since 1884.[4][5]

While Biden had repeatedly expressed his intent to run for re-election since 2021, there was speculation in the first two years of his presidency that he might not seek re-election due to his age and low approval ratings.[6][7] Former Democratic House representatives including Carolyn Maloney,[8] Joe Cunningham[9] and Tim Ryan[10] had publicly said Biden should not run. There had been speculation that Biden may face a primary challenge, especially from a member of the Democratic Party's progressive faction.[11][12] Three primary opponents have emerged; Marianne Williamson declared her candidacy in March 2023,[13] which was followed by anti-vaccine activist, environmental attorney, and conspiracy theory promoter Robert F. Kennedy Jr.[14] in April[15] and Representative Dean Phillips in October.[16] Kennedy withdrew from the Democratic primaries in October 2023 to run as an independent candidate.[17] Williamson dropped out following the Nevada primary in February 2024.[18]

After Democrats outperformed expectations in the 2022 midterm elections, many believed the chances that Biden would run for and win his party's nomination had increased.[19] On April 25, 2023, Biden announced via a video that he would be running for re-election.[20]

Results[edit]

Main article: Results of the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries

Candidates[edit]

Main article: 2024 Democratic Party presidential candidates

As of February 2024, more than 180 candidates have filed with the Federal Election Commission (FEC) to run for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2024.[21] In previous cycles, the majority of these candidates did not appear on any ballots, raise money, or otherwise attempt to formally run a campaign.[21][22]

Declared major candidates[edit]

Declared major candidates for the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries
Name Born Experience Home state Campaign
Announcement date 		States won Delegates won Total popular vote[23] Running mate Ref

Joe Biden 		November 20, 1942
(age 81)
Scranton, Pennsylvania 		President of the United States
(2021–present)
Vice President of the United States
(2009–2017)
U.S. Senator from Delaware
(1973–2009)
Delaware
Campaign

April 25, 2023
FEC filing[24]
Website

3
(NH[b], SC, NV) 		91
(100.0%) 		304,028 (83.1%) Kamala Harris[25] [26]

Dean Phillips 		January 20, 1969
(age 55)
Saint Paul, Minnesota 		U.S. Representative from MN-03
(2019–present)
CEO of Phillips Distilling Company
(2000–2012)
Minnesota
Campaign

October 26, 2023
FEC filing[27]
Website

None 0
(0.0%) 		26,616 (7.3%) None [28]

Withdrew during the primaries[edit]

Withdrawn major candidates for the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries
Name Born Experience Home state Campaign
announced 		Campaign
suspended 		Campaign Bound
delegates 		Popular
vote 		Ref.

Marianne Williamson 		July 8, 1952
(age 71)
Houston, Texas 		Author
Founder of Project Angel Food
Candidate for President in 2020 		 California March 4, 2023 February 7, 2024
Campaign
FEC filing[29]
Website 		0
(0.0%) 		10,924 (3.0%)[failed verification] [13][30]

Withdrew before the primaries[edit]

Withdrawn major candidates for the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries
Name Born Experience Home state Campaign
announced 		Campaign
suspended 		Campaign Total popular vote[31] Ref.

Robert F.
Kennedy Jr. 		January 17, 1954
(age 69)
Washington, D.C. 		Environmental lawyer
Founder of Children's Health Defense
Founder of Waterkeeper Alliance 		 California April 19, 2023 October 9, 2023
(running as an independent)
Campaign
FEC filing[32][33]
Website 		[34][35]

Vice-presidential candidate selection[edit]

Kamala Harris, incumbent vice president

On January 19, 2022, President Biden confirmed that Vice President Kamala Harris will again be his running mate in his 2024 re-election campaign.[36]

Some Democrats expressed skepticism about Biden choosing Harris again as his running mate, as she has also seen similar low approval ratings to Biden. In January 2023, U.S. Senator Elizabeth Warren said in a radio interview that she supported Biden's reelection bid, but stopped short of supporting Harris.[37] She later clarified her position, saying she supported the Biden–Harris ticket.[38]

Primaries and caucus calendar[edit]

The following primary and caucus dates have been scheduled by state statutes or state party decisions, but are subject to change pending legislation, state party delegate selection plans, or the decisions of state secretaries of state:[39]

Ballot access[edit]

The following is a table for which candidates have received ballot access in which states. Yes indicates that the candidate was on the ballot for the primary contest, Dropped indicates that the candidate was a recognized write-in candidate, and No indicates that the candidate did not appear on the ballot in that state's contest. Maybe indicates that a candidate withdrew before the election but was still listed on the ballot. If a state does not appear in the table, the filing deadline in the state has not passed.

Ballot access in the 2024 Democratic presidential nominating contests
Contest Date Biden Phillips Williamson
(withdrawn) 		Others Ref
New Hampshire[f] Jan 23 Write-in Yes Yes Yes[A] [42]
South Carolina Feb 3 Yes Yes Yes No [43]
Nevada Feb 6 Yes No Yes Yes[B] [44]
Michigan Feb 27 Yes Yes Yes-withdrawn No [45]
Alabama Mar 5 Yes Yes No No [46]
Arkansas Yes Yes Yes-withdrawn Yes[C] [47][48]
California Yes Yes Yes-withdrawn Yes[D] [49]
Colorado Yes Yes Yes-withdrawn Yes[E] [50]
Iowa[g] Yes Yes Yes-withdrawn No [51]
Maine Yes Yes No No [52]
Massachusetts Yes Yes Yes-withdrawn No [53]
Minnesota Yes Yes Yes-withdrawn Yes[F] [54]
North Carolina Yes No No No [55]
Oklahoma Yes Yes Yes-withdrawn Yes[G] [56]
Tennessee Yes No No No [57]
Texas Yes Yes Yes-withdrawn Yes[H] [58]
Utah Yes Yes Yes-withdrawn Yes[I] [59]
Vermont Yes Yes Yes-withdrawn Yes[J] [60]
Virginia Yes Yes Yes-withdrawn No [61]
Democrats Abroad Mar 12 Yes No Yes-withdrawn No [62]
Georgia Yes Yes Yes-withdrawn No [63]
Mississippi Yes No No No [64]
Northern Mariana Islands[i] Yes Yes Yes-withdrawn Yes[K] [65]
Washington Yes Yes Yes-withdrawn No [66]
Arizona Mar 19 Yes Yes Yes-withdrawn Yes[L] [67]
Illinois Yes Yes Yes-withdrawn Yes[M] [68]
Kansas Yes Yes Yes-withdrawn Yes[N] [69]
Ohio Yes Yes No No [70]
Louisiana Mar 23 Yes Yes Yes-withdrawn Yes[O] [71]
Missouri Yes Yes Yes-withdrawn Yes[P] [72]
Connecticut Apr 2 Yes Yes Yes-withdrawn Yes[Q] [73]
New York Yes Yes Yes-withdrawn No [74]
Rhode Island Yes Yes No No [75]
Wisconsin Yes Yes No No [76][77]
Hawaii Apr 6 Yes Yes Yes-withdrawn Yes[R] [78]
North Dakota Yes Yes Yes-withdrawn Yes[S] [79]
Puerto Rico Apr 28 Yes Yes Yes-withdrawn No [80]
West Virginia May 14 Yes Yes No Yes[T] [81]
Kentucky May 21 Yes Yes Yes-withdrawn No [82]
Delaware primary cancelled Yes No No No [83][84]
Florida Yes No No No [85]
Total possible delegates TBD



Timeline[edit]

See also: Timeline of the 2024 United States presidential election

Overview[edit]

Robert F. Kennedy Jr. 2024 presidential campaignDean Phillips 2024 presidential campaignMarianne Williamson 2024 presidential campaignJoe Biden 2024 presidential campaign
Active campaign Exploratory committee Democratic National Convention
Withdrawn candidate Primaries

Early developments[edit]

Biden declared his intent in January 2022 to run for re-election, keeping Kamala Harris as his running mate.[2] On September 15, he told Scott Pelley in a CBS 60 Minutes interview that he had not yet committed to run.[86] In a private conversation with civil-rights activist Al Sharpton on October 3, he reportedly told Sharpton that he was seeking re-election.[87] On October 11, he told Jake Tapper in an interview on CNN that he would decide whether or not to seek re-election after the 2022 midterm elections.[88]

Throughout 2022, several prominent Democrats publicly urged Biden not to run for a second term. On June 23, shortly after winning the Democratic nomination in the South Carolina gubernatorial race, former U.S. Representative Joe Cunningham told CNN that he believed Biden would be too old by the end of his second term and should not run in 2024. CNN pointed out that Biden had endorsed Cunningham in his 2018 and 2020 campaigns.[9] In July, U.S. Representative Dean Phillips of Minnesota said he believed that Democrats should nominate someone from a younger generation in 2024, and fellow Minnesota Representative Angie Craig agreed with him the following week.[10] On August 1, then-U.S. Representative Carolyn Maloney told The New York Times that she thought Biden should not run in 2024 and that she believed he would not run. She later apologized and said that he should run again, though she reiterated her belief that he would not.[8] In September, U.S. Representative and Ohio U.S. Senate nominee Tim Ryan similarly called for a "generational move" away from Biden during an interview with a local TV station; Forbes Magazine noted that Biden, who had endorsed Ryan, headlined a rally with him just hours after the interview aired.[10]

In April 2023, Christale Spain became the first black woman to be the Chair of the South Carolina Democratic Party; with the responsibility of organizing the party's first-in-the-nation primary.[89]

Format changes[edit]

Democrats in Idaho, who held caucuses in 2012 and 2016 but switched to a firehouse primary by mail for the 2020 election, will switch back to in-person caucuses due to the abolition of the presidential primary by the Idaho Legislature in 2023.[90] Similarly, the abolition of the state-run presidential primary in Missouri in 2022 caused Democrats in Missouri to switch to a closed, ranked-choice firehouse presidential primary for 2024.[91]

Controversies[edit]

Primary schedule[edit]

See also: Iowa caucuses and New Hampshire presidential primary § "First primary" status and efforts to change

President Biden sent a letter on December 1, 2022, to the Democratic National Committee (DNC), requesting that diversity should be emphasized in the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries. On February 4, 2023, the DNC formally approved the new 2024 primary calendar, moving South Carolina to hold its race first on February 3, followed by Nevada and New Hampshire on February 6. One member of the Rules and Bylaws Committee who supported this new plan, Lee Saunders, further said it will give a better representation of the composition of the country.[92] Members of the Iowa Democratic Party and the New Hampshire Democratic Party opposed the move, since they would no longer be the first two states to hold their races.[93] The move was also criticized by some progressives, who argued that the move was intended to benefit more moderate candidates.[94][95] On October 6, the DNC and the Iowa Democratic Party reached a compromise in which the in-person caucuses could still be held in January, but delegate-determining mail-in voting would be held through Super Tuesday, March 5.[96] The DNC and the New Hampshire Democratic Party did not reach a compromise. In October 2023, the manager for the Biden campaign, Julie Chávez Rodriguez, confirmed in a letter to the chair of the New Hampshire Democratic Party Raymond Buckley that Biden would not appear on the primary ballot in order to comply with the DNC's calendar.[97] Pro-Biden New Hampshire Democrats, including Kathy Sullivan (the former chairwoman of the state Democratic party) and former Representatives Paul Hodes and Carol Shea-Porter, launched a formal write-in campaign on October 30.[98]

Ballot access denials[edit]

In Florida, North Carolina, and Tennessee, only President Biden will appear on the primary ballot, partially due to decisions by the state Democratic parties in those states.[99][100] The Philips and Williamson campaigns criticized the decisions as undemocratic.[101][102] The primary challengers had not received the necessary number of signatures in Tennessee[103][104] and North Carolina,[105] while the Florida Democratic Party stated that the challengers did not reach out to them until November 29, 2023, one day before the Florida Secretary of State's November 30 deadline to submit candidates, and the state party had already made its submission ahead of the deadline before November 29.[106][107] An attorney who supported Phillips[j] questioned why the state party did not contact the challengers when it made its submission ahead of the deadline.[109]

Debates and forums[edit]

Main article: 2024 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums

On December 6, 2023, TYT Network hosted a forum featuring primary candidates Williamson, Phillips and Uygur. Biden was invited but declined to attend. The candidates responded to the GOP debate being held in Tuscaloosa, which was scheduled to end at the same time. The discussion was moderated by John Iadarola, the main host of The Damage Report on the same network.[110]

On January 8, 2024, Williamson and Phillips participated in a debate hosted by New England College in Manchester, New Hampshire.[111] To qualify, candidates needed to be registered on the New Hampshire primary ballot and poll at more than five percent.[112] The debate was broadcast on satellite radio by Sirius XM[113] and was moderated by Josh McElveen, who was the former political director of WMUR.[114]

On January 12, 2024, NewsNation hosted a second forum featuring Williamson, Phillips and Uygur. Biden was invited but did not attend. The discussion was moderated by Dan Abrams.[115]

Endorsements[edit]

Joe Biden
Main article: List of Joe Biden 2024 presidential campaign primary endorsements
Dean Phillips
State representatives
Notable individuals
Newspapers
Marianne Williamson (withdrawn)
State senators
State representatives
Local officials
Notable individuals

Opinion polling[edit]

Main article: Opinion polling for the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries
This section is transcluded from Opinion polling for the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries. (edit | history)
Aggregate polls of declared candidates in the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries
Source of poll aggregation Dates administered Dates updated Joe Biden Dean Phillips Marianne Williamson

(withdrawn)

Other/undecided[k] Margin
270 to Win January 18–31, 2024 February 7, 2024 73.6% 3.6% 6.0% 16.8% Biden +67.6
FiveThirtyEight through January 31, 2024 February 7, 2024 71.4% 3.9% 6.8% 17.9% Biden +64.6
Race to the WH through January 29, 2024 February 2, 2024 71.9% – 7.2% 20.9% Biden +64.7
Real Clear Polling December 26, 2023 – February 2, 2024 February 7, 2024 72.3% 3.8% 6.5% 17.4% Biden +65.8
Average 72.3% 3.8% 6.6% 17.3% Biden +65.7

Campaign finance[edit]

Main article: Fundraising in the 2024 United States presidential election

This is an overview of the money used by each campaign as it is reported to the Federal Election Commission (FEC). Totals raised include individual contributions, loans from the candidate, and transfers from other campaign committees. Individual contributions are itemized (catalogued) by the FEC when the total value of contributions by an individual comes to more than $200. The last column, Cash On Hand, shows the remaining cash each campaign had available for its future spending as of December 31, 2023. Campaign finance reports for the first quarter of 2024 will become available on March 30, 2024.[142]

This table does not include contributions made to Super PACs or party committees supporting the candidate. Each value is rounded up to the nearest dollar.

  Candidate who withdrew prior to December 31
  Candidate who withdrew following December 31
Overview of campaign financing for candidates in the 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries through December 31, 2023
Candidate Total raised Total raised
since last quarter 		Individual contributions Debt Spent Spent since
last quarter 		Cash on hand
Total Unitemized Pct
Biden[143] $105,875,492 $33,037,210 $25,975,051 $14,305,517 55.1% $0 $92,354,198 $19,259,279 $45,958,298[l]
Phillips[144] $5,016,238 $1,016,218 $225,927 22.2% $4,236,430 $4,656,238 $360,000
Williamson[145] $3,854,375 $1,339,016 $3,355,377 $1,616,210 48.2% $593,030 $3,645,484 $1,231,291 $208,892
Kennedy[146] $22,115,682 $7,037,153 $22,080,359 $7,034,122 31.9% $0 $16,676,899 $7,770,412 $5,438,782[m]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ 2,271 of 4,540 delegates needed to win any subsequent ballots at a contested convention lasting more than a single round of balloting. As of February 2024, the number of extra unpledged delegates (superdelegates), who after the first ballot at a contested convention participate in any subsequently needed nominating ballots (together with the 3,770 pledged delegates), is expected to be 744, but the exact number of superdelegates is still subject to change due to possible deaths, resignations, accessions, or potential election as a pledged delegate. 1,895 delegates are needed to win on the first ballot.
  2. ^ Primary not sanctioned by the DNC.
  3. ^ New Hampshire's delegates will not be awarded through this unofficial primary.[40] The early date violates the DNC-approved calendar, which confirmed South Carolina as the first primary state.[41]
  4. ^ Originally scheduled for March 19. The state party only nominated Joe Biden as a candidate, cancelling the primary.
  5. ^ Originally scheduled for April 2. The state party only nominated Joe Biden as a candidate, cancelling the primary.
  6. ^ This primary has not been officially sanctioned by the DNC.
  7. ^ Iowa is holding an all mail-in caucus due to DNC rules. Mail-in voting occurs from January 12 to March 5.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Uygur is not eligible to be president under the natural-born citizen clause of the United States Constitution.
  9. ^ Voting runs Mar 5-Mar 12
  10. ^ The attorney, Michael Steinberg, represented himself independently in the interest of getting Phillips on the ballot; he was not appointed by Phillips.[108]
  11. ^ Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined.
  12. ^ Biden's principal campaign committee, Biden for President, was also used for his earlier 2020 presidential campaign. Some of these figures, therefore, include money left over from that previous candidacy.
  13. ^ Note that these figures include data following Kennedy's withdrawal from the Democratic primary.
  1. ^ "President" R. Boddie, Terrisa Bukovinac, Eban Cambridge, Gabriel Cornejo, Mark Stewart Greenstein, Tom Koos, Paul V. LaCava, Star Locke, Frankie Lozada, Stephen P. Lyons, Raymond Michael Moroz, Derek Nadeau, Jason Michael Palmer, Mando Perez-Serrato, Donald Picard, Paperboy Love Prince, Richard Rist, Vermin Supreme, John Vail
  2. ^ Gabriel Cornejo, Superpayaseria Crystalroc, Brent Foutz, John Haywood, Stephen Alan Leon, Frankie Lozada, Stephen Lyons, Jason Michael Palmer, Armando Perez-Serrato, Donald Picard, Mark R. Prascak
  3. ^ Frank Lozada, Stephen Lyons, Armando Perez-Serrato
  4. ^ "President" R. Boddie, Eban Cambridge, Gabriel Cornejo, Stephen P. Lyons, Armando "Mando" Perez-Serrato, Mark R. Prascak
  5. ^ Gabriel Cornejo, Frankie Lozada, Stephen P. Lyons, Jason Michael Palmer, Armando "Mando" Perez-Serrato
  6. ^ Eban Cambridge, Gabriel Cornejo, Frankie Lozada, Jason Palmer, Armando "Mando" Perez-Serrato, Cenk Uygur[h]
  7. ^ Stephen Lyons, Armando "Mando" Perez-Serrato, Cenk Uygur[h]
  8. ^ Gabriel A. Cornejo, Edward Kimbrough, Robert Star Locke, Frankie Lozada, Armando "Mando" Perez-Serrato, Cenk Uygur[h]
  9. ^ Gabriel Cornejo, Frank Lozada
  10. ^ Mark Stewart Greenstein, Jason Michael Palmer, Cenk Uygur[h]
  11. ^ Jason Michael Palmer
  12. ^ Gabriel Cornejo, Frankie Lozada, Stephen Lyons, Jason Palmer
  13. ^ Frankie Lozada
  14. ^ Jason Michael Palmer
  15. ^ "Bob" Ely, Frankie Lozada, Stephen Lyons, Armando "Mando" Perez-Serrato, Cenk Uygur[h]
  16. ^ Stephen Lyons, Armando "Mando" Perez-Serrato, Jason Palmer
  17. ^ Cenk Uygur[h]
  18. ^ Jason Michael Palmer Armando "Mando" Perez-Serrato
  19. ^ Eban Cambridge, Stephen P. Lyons, Jason Palmer, Armando “Mando” Perez-Serrato, Cenk Uygur[h]
  20. ^ Stephen P. Lyons, Jason Palmer, Armando “Mando” Perez-Serrato

References[edit]

  1. ^ Democratic National Committee Rules and Bylaws Committee (April 13, 2022). "Resolution on the Principles and Framework of a Transparent and Fair Review of the Presidential Nominating Calendar" (PDF). democrats.org. p. 4. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 18, 2022. Retrieved November 18, 2022.
  2. ^ a b Gittleson, Ben; Nagle, Molly (April 25, 2023). "Joe Biden announces he is running for president again, setting up possible Trump rematch". ABC News. Archived from the original on April 25, 2023. Retrieved April 25, 2023.
  3. ^ "Real Clear Politics". Archived from the original on July 1, 2023. Retrieved May 30, 2023.
  4. ^ Dorn, Andrew (June 27, 2023). "Has an incumbent president ever lost to a primary challenger?". NewsNation. Archived from the original on October 24, 2023. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  5. ^ "Could Trump Lose the Republican Nomination? Here's the History of Primary Challenges to Incumbent Presidents". Time. October 10, 2019. Archived from the original on December 24, 2020. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  6. ^ Gangitano, Alex (November 18, 2021). "Harris says 2024 is 'absolutely not' being discussed yet with Biden". The Hill. Archived from the original on November 19, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
  7. ^ Gittleson, Ben (December 22, 2021). "Biden tells ABC's David Muir 'yes' he'll run again, Trump rematch would 'increase the prospect'". ABC News. Archived from the original on January 30, 2022. Retrieved January 21, 2022.
  8. ^ a b "Rep. Carolyn Maloney says "off the record," Biden is "not running again"". CBS News. August 15, 2022. Archived from the original on August 28, 2022. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
  9. ^ a b Vakil, Caroline (June 23, 2022). "SC Democratic governor candidate says Biden shouldn't run in 2024 due to age". The Hill. Archived from the original on September 3, 2022. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
  10. ^ a b c Reimann, Nicholas. "Rep. Tim Ryan Suggests Biden Shouldn't Run In 2024—Joining These Other Democrats". Forbes. Archived from the original on December 22, 2022. Retrieved December 22, 2022.
  11. ^ Otterbein, Holly (January 1, 2022). "The left is already looking to 2024. Some want to see a Biden primary challenge". Politico. Archived from the original on January 7, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
  12. ^ Dorman, John L. (January 2, 2022). "Former Sanders presidential campaign manager says Biden will have 'a progressive challenger' in 2024". Business Insider. Archived from the original on January 4, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.
  13. ^ a b Weissert, Will (March 4, 2023). "Marianne Williamson opens long shot 2024 challenge to Biden". San Diego Union-Tribune. Associated Press. Archived from the original on March 5, 2023. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  14. ^ Multiple sources:
  15. ^ "Robert F. Kennedy Jr. launches long shot presidential bid as a Democrat". ABC News. Archived from the original on October 23, 2023. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  16. ^ Otterbein, Holly; Schneider, Elena (October 26, 2023). "Rep. Dean Phillips files paperwork for presidential bid against Biden". Politico. Archived from the original on October 27, 2023. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
  17. ^ Swenson, Ali (October 9, 2023). "Robert F. Kennedy Jr. will run for president as an independent and drop his Democratic primary bid". Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 14, 2023. Retrieved October 9, 2023.
  18. ^ Gibson, Brittany (February 7, 2024). "Marianne Williamson ends her 2024 presidential run". Politico. Retrieved February 8, 2024.
  19. ^ Enten, Harry (December 18, 2022). "How the midterms changed the 2024 primaries for Biden and Trump". CNN. Archived from the original on December 30, 2022. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  20. ^ Doyle, Katherine; Alba, Monical (April 25, 2023). "Biden announces he is running for re-election, framing 2024 as a choice between 'more rights or fewer'". NBC News. Archived from the original on April 26, 2023. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  21. ^ a b "Browse Candidates for president:Democratic Party". FEC.gov. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved July 6, 2023.
  22. ^ "Colorado Primary Results 2020 | Live Election Map". www.nbcnews.com. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
  23. ^ "The Green Papers 2024 Presidential Primaries". The Green Papers.
  24. ^ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. April 25, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 25, 2023. Retrieved April 25, 2023.
  25. ^ Frazier, Kierra (September 13, 2023). "Columnists call for Biden to drop Harris, pick new running mate". POLITICO. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
  26. ^ Gittleson, Ben; Nagle, Molly (April 25, 2023). "Joe Biden announces he is running for president again, setting up possible Trump rematch". ABC News. Retrieved April 25, 2023.
  27. ^ "Statement of Candidacy". docquery.fec.gov. October 26, 2023. Retrieved October 26, 2023.
  28. ^ Lebowitz, Megan (October 26, 2023). "Democratic Rep. Dean Phillips launches a White House bid, challenging Biden". NBC News. Retrieved October 27, 2023.
  29. ^ "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. March 2, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 4, 2023. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
  30. ^ Gibson, Brittany (February 7, 2024). "Marianne Williamson ends her 2024 presidential run". Politico. Retrieved February 7, 2024.
  31. ^ "The Green Papers 2024 Presidential Primaries".
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External links[edit]

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